Suppression of chili leaf curl virus (ChLCV) incidence in chili ( Capsicum annuum L.) across Bangladesh via manipulated
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Suppression of chili leaf curl virus (ChLCV) incidence in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) across Bangladesh via manipulated planting date and spacing Shimul Das1 · Mahfuzur Rahman2 · Prosanta Kumar Dash1 · Md. Mostofa Kamal1 Received: 30 July 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract A 2-year factorial experiment was undertaken in RARS, Jessore in 2019 and 2020 following randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate the impact of planting date and spacing on ChLCV disease development and its vector whitefly abundance in chili (Capsicum annuum) modulating chili growth and yield attributes. The field experiments were found consistent between the years improving the reliability and generalizability of the data. The factors planting date and spacing separately produced statistical variation in ChLCV epidemiological parameters along with growth and yield attributing characters. Of the three chili planting dates, early planting (January 1) significantly suppressed ChLCD incidence, severity and its vector whitefly abundance over mid (February 1) and late planting (March 1) dates. Among four spacings, spacious plant spacing (50 × 60 cm) performed significantly better than other spacings in reducing ChLCD incidence and thereby expediting chili growth and yield. No statistical variation was documented between two narrow spacings of 50 × 30 cm and 50 × 40 cm in most of the studied parameters. Regression analyses depicted AUSiPC and AUDPC declined by 13.07 and 12.66 with each unit increase in plant spacing ensuring good fits of the models. A three-variables contour plot illustrated how vector whitefly abundance in chili stimulated ChLCD incidence and reduced chili yield while a 3-D wireframe pointed out that ChLCD incidence accelerated both AUSiPC and AUDPC. PCA analysis identified the major components of the studied parameters impacting disease incidence and chili yield. Cluster analyses well supported the PCA analysis and distinctly branched all the studied parameters into two, one associated with chili yield promoting characters and another with yield constraining ChLCD epidemiological attributes positioned in different nodes with variable similarity matrix. Molecular PCR analysis confirmed the presence of ssDNA (+) ChLCV in sampled plants. Keywords Planting date and spacing · ChLCD incidence and severity · AUDPC and AUSiPC · Chili yield
Introduction Chili is the third important cash crop of Bangladesh after tomato and potato belonging to the family Solanaceae. The cultivated area of chili is about 103 thousand hectares and the total production is 141 thousand Mg (megagram) with an average yield of dry chili 1.37 Mg (BBS 2018). Chili is susceptible to various pathogens including viruses, bacteria and * Shimul Das [email protected] 1
Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
Horticulture Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh
2
fungi incurring serious yield loss per annum
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