Suppression of the lithium-ion battery thermal runaway during quantitative-qualitative change
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Suppression of the lithium-ion battery thermal runaway during quantitative-qualitative change W. Tang 1 & X. M. Xu 1 & R. Z. Li 1 & H. F. Jin 2 & L. D. Cao 2 & H. M. Wang 2 Received: 17 June 2020 / Revised: 27 July 2020 / Accepted: 16 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Thermal runaway is the most important safety problem of the lithium-ion battery. A thermal model–combined four side reactions is established to simulate suppression of the thermal runaway of a lithium-ion battery, and the effect of suppression starting time is analyzed to further reveal the thermal runaway suppression mechanism. The results show that thermal runaway is triggered by the heat generation of negative material reaction when it is heated with 473.15 K, and heat dissipation in the bottom part of negative electrode material at 293.15 K can effectively inhibit the occurrence of thermal runaway before solid electrolyte interface (SEI) decomposition reaction starts. In addition, the suppression of runaway battery heat is to suppress the negative electrode material reaction actually, and when the heat is dissipated at 293.15 K, it could be conducted before the SEI decomposition reaction starts, which has nothing to do with the advance time. Keywords Lithium-ion battery . Thermal runaway suppression . Temperature distribution . Side reaction . Temperature rise . Heat generation
Introduction Nowadays, lithium-ion battery is considered the suitable choice to solve the energy and environmental problems which are widely used in electric vehicles [1–3]. However, severe burning accidents of electric vehicles occurred one after another due to the thermal runaway of the lithium-ion battery [4–10]. Therefore, the thermal runaway mechanisms of the lithium-ion battery require in-depth study [11, 12]. Thermal runaway may occur under extreme conditions, such as thermal abuse, short-circuit, overcharge, nail penetration, and crush [13–16], but the most common extreme condition is thermal abuse. For example, the lithium-ion battery will be overheated when the ambient temperature is high or the cooling system is down. Many researchers have made studies about the thermal runaway features of the lithium-ion battery with simulations and experiments [17–19]. In Ref
* X. M. Xu [email protected] 1
School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2
Tian Jin Li Shen Battery Joint-Stock Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300384, China
[20–27], five main side reactions were proposed, including the SEI membrane decomposition, the reaction between anode and electrolyte, the cathode decomposition, the reaction of the binder, and the reaction of the electrolyte. Abraham et al. [28] proposed a three-stage characteristic to interpret the thermal runaway mechanisms of lithium-ion battery, including the anodic decomposition reactions at 90 °C, the exothermic reactions of cathode over 140 °C, the decomposition of the cathode, and the oxidation of electrolyte over 180 °C. Feng et al. [29
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