Surface water treatment benefits from the presence of algae: Influence of algae on the coagulation behavior of polytitan
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Surface water treatment benefits from the presence of algae: Influence of algae on the coagulation behavior of polytitanium chloride Yanxia Zhao (✉)1, Huiqing Lian1, Chang Tian2, Haibo Li3, Weiying Xu1, Sherub Phuntsho4, Kaimin Shih5 1 School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China 2 School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China 3 Environmental Engineering Department, Research Development Center, China Vanke Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518083, China 4 Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia 5 Environmental Engineering Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
HIGHLIGHTS
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
• Emerging titanium coagulation was high-efficient for algae-laden water treatment. • Polytitanium coagulation was capable for both algae and organic matter removal. • Surface water purification was improved by around 30% due to algae inclusion. • Algae functioned as flocculant aid to assist polytitanium coagulation. • Algae could enhance charge neutralization capability of polytitanium coagulant.
ARTICLE INFO Article history:
Received 20 March 2020 Revised 18 July 2020 Accepted 10 August 2020 Available online 13 October 2020 Keywords: Coagulation Polytitanium chloride Coagulation behaviour Algae Floc property
ABSTRACT Titanium-based coagulation has proved to be effective for algae-laden micro-polluted water purification processes. However, the influence of algae inclusion in surface water treatment by titanium coagulation is barely reported. This study reports the influence of both Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii in surface water during polytitanium coagulation. Jar tests were performed to evaluate coagulation performance using both algae-free (controlled) and algaeladen water samples, and floc properties were studied using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer for online monitoring. Results show that polytitanium coagulation can be highly effective in algae separation, removing up to 98% from surface water. Additionally, the presence of algae enhanced organic matter removal by up to 30% compared to controlled water containing only organic matter. Polytitanium coagulation achieved significant removal of fluorescent organic materials and organic matter with a wide range of molecular weight distribution (693–4945 Da) even in the presence of algae species in surface water. The presence of algae cells and/or algal organic matter is likely to function as an additional coagulant or flocculation aid, assisting polytitanium coagulation through adsorption and bridging effects. Although the dominant coagulation mechanisms with polytitanium coagulant were influenced by the coagulant dosage and initial solution pH, algae species in surface water could enhance the charge neutralization capability of the polytit
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