Surgical Robotics Systems Applications and Visions

Surgical robotics is a rapidly evolving field. With roots in academic research, surgical robotic systems are now clinically used across a wide spectrum of surgical procedures. Surgical Robotics: Systems Applications and Visions provides a comprehensive vi

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Jacob Rosen Blake Hannaford Richard M. Satava l

Editors

Surgical Robotics Systems Applications and Visions

Editors Jacob Rosen Department of Computer Engineering Jack Baskin School of Engineering University of California Santa Cruz 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz CA 95064, USA [email protected]

Blake Hannaford Department of Electrical Engineering University of Washington Box 325500, Seattle Washington 98195-2500 USA [email protected]

Richard M. Satava Department of Surgery University of Washington Medical Center Box 356410 1959 Pacific Street NE, Seattle Washington 98195, USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-1-4419-1125-4 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1126-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1126-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

The dictum Primum non nocere (First, do no harm) and the dictum “Primum Succurrere” (First, hasten to help) as the prime directives of ethics in medicine may dictate two orthogonal approaches of practicing medicine, both of which are aimed to provide the best health care to the patient. The conservative approach relies on decades of evidence-based practice and clinical experience with a specific medical or surgical approach. However, every now and then, a scientific, technological, or clinical breakthrough occurs (alone or in combination) which leads to a paradigm shift along with disruptive new approach to health care. To some extent, this progressive approach is regulated by rigorous clinical trials as dictated by the Federal and Drug Administration (FDA) aimed at demonstration of safety and effectiveness. Although the progressive treatment approach results in a relativity high risk, there is a concomitant high reward in terms of healing and regaining a high quality of life. Surgical robotics is a recent and very significant breakthrough in surgery. The introduction of a surgical robot into the operating room (OR) combines a technological breakthrough with a clinical breakthrough in developing new surgical techniques and approaches to improve the quality and outcome of surgery. As significant as these breakthroughs are, it is not surprising that they occurred because they are based on more than a decade of innovation i