Survey of microbes in industrial-scale second-generation bioethanol production for better process knowledge and operatio
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BIOENERGY AND BIOFUELS
Survey of microbes in industrial-scale second-generation bioethanol production for better process knowledge and operation Velma T. E. Aho 1,2 & Tiina Tolonen 3 Petri Auvinen 1 & M. Minna Laine 4
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Jasmiina Haverinen 3
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Mari Jaakkola 3
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Lars Paulin 1
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Received: 10 October 2019 / Revised: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The microbes present in bioethanol production processes have been previously studied in laboratory-scale experiments, but there is a lack of information on full-scale industrial processes. In this study, the microbial communities of three industrial bioethanol production processes were characterized using several methods. The samples originated from second-generation bioethanol plants that produce fuel ethanol from biowaste, food industry side streams, or sawdust. Amplicon sequencing targeting bacteria, archaea, and fungi was used to explore the microbes present in biofuel production and anaerobic digestion of wastewater and sludge. Biofilm-forming lactic acid bacteria and wild yeasts were identified in fermentation samples of a full-scale plant that uses biowaste as feedstock. During the 20-month monitoring period, the anaerobic digester adapted to the bioethanol process waste with a shift in methanogen profile indicating acclimatization to high concentrations of ammonia. Amplicon sequencing does not specifically target living microbes. The same is true for indirect parameters, such as low pH, metabolites, or genes of lactic acid bacteria. Since rapid identification of living microbes would be indispensable for process management, a commercial method was tested that detects them by measuring the rRNA of selected microbial groups. Small-scale testing indicated that the method gives results comparable with plate counts and microscopic counting, especially for bacterial quantification. The applicability of the method was verified in an industrial bioethanol plant, inspecting the clean-in-place process quality and detecting viability during yeast separation. The results supported it as a fast and promising tool for monitoring microbes throughout industrial bioethanol processes. Keywords Process hygiene . Bioethanol . Amplicon sequencing . Lactobacilli . rRNA sandwich hybridization
Introduction Biofuels, for example, bioethanol, could be of key importance in lowering carbon dioxide emissions to combat global warming (Oh et al. 2018). Currently, bioethanol is mainly Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10818-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * M. Minna Laine [email protected] 1
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Unit of Measurement Technology, Kajaani University Consortium, University of Oulu, Kajaani, Finland
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St1 Oy, Helsinki, Finland
produced from biomass related
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