Sustainable Energy Optimization in a Smart Microgrid
This chapter titled “Sustainable Energy Optimization in a Smart Microgrid” presented the methodology for developing a smart microgrid optimization model that can be used to determine the most financially economical combination of microgrid technologies wi
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Sustainable Energy Optimization in a Smart Microgrid Ryan Jansen and Rajesh Karki
Abstract This chapter titled “Sustainable Energy Optimization in a Smart Microgrid” presented the methodology for developing a smart microgrid optimization model that can be used to determine the most financially economical combination of microgrid technologies with acceptable level of system reliability. The smart microgrid optimization model assessed various combinations of PV and wind turbine renewable generation in increments of 5 kW varying between 0 and 200 kW. Battery energy storage was also considered in combination with renewable generation in increments of 5 kWh from 0 to 200 kWh. The smart microgrid optimization model was developed in the MATLAB environment and incorporated a smart microgrid management system to achieve additional fuel savings and increased system reliability by utilizing load shedding and load deferral techniques. Microgrid power system reliability was assessed using an SMCS simulation model. The accuracy of the model was verified using the SIPSREL program developed at the University of Saskatchewan. Results indicated that the implementation of renewable generation, battery energy storage and DSM techniques can substantially reduce the lifetime operational costs of a microgrid while increasing power system reliability. Implementation of energy storage technologies to reduce fossil fuel consumption as well as to increase renewable generation penetration is an area of ongoing research, as is the application of microgrid technology to improve remote power system reliability.
1 Introduction A microgrid is a set of electrical power generation sources that are networked together to meet the energy needs of a localized community, but may also maintain a single connection point to a larger electrical grid [1]. Microgrids are typically R. Jansen (&) R. Karki Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017 N.R. Karki et al. (eds.), Sustainable Power Systems, Reliable and Sustainable Electric Power and Energy Systems Management, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2230-2_6
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large institutions such as prisons, hospitals, universities, etc., but they can also be small communities, or even single residence dwellings [2]. Microgrids characteristically have a high level of reliability when connected to a macrogrid and contribute to a greater reliability of the macrogrid as a whole [3] if they have been designed to support the electrical infrastructure outside of the microgrid. A microgrid requires some level of power management when operating independently to ensure that its power supply can meet all of the internal load demands, or at least some critically identified loads. The management of energy generation and usage applying automation driven by relevant data acquired and processed using digital devices is often referred to as a “smart grid” application. Microgrids are
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