Sustainable Green Technologies for Environmental Management
Our Earth is considered as a natural system which organizes and controls itself. However, the present scale of anthropogenic activity is unprecedented in the history of mankind compelling the intelligentia to ponder over the scientific causes of the
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tainable Green Technologies for Environmental Management
Sustainable Green Technologies for Environmental Management
Shachi Shah • V. Venkatramanan • Ram Prasad Editors
Sustainable Green Technologies for Environmental Management
Editors Shachi Shah School of Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies Indira Gandhi National Open University New Delhi, India
V. Venkatramanan School of Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Studies Indira Gandhi National Open University New Delhi, India
Ram Prasad School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, China
ISBN 978-981-13-2771-1 ISBN 978-981-13-2772-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2772-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018961570 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Preface
Albeit Earth has experienced many global changes of varying magnitudes, present- day environmental change is significant for two reasons. Firstly, the change is occurring in remarkably stable period of Holocene which has provided favourable environmental conditions for the genesis and growth of human civilization. Secondly, the global change occurring in the post-industrialization era is mainly due to human action. The rapid changes in the environment is a product of the human ability to dominate the Earth’s ecosystem, to enable land use changes of great magnitude and to alter global carbon and nitrogen cycle. Humans in their quest to derive food, feed and other valuable resources modified the earth’s landscape. Nevertheless, industrialization, urbanization, land use changes and unprecedented natural resource use driven by rising hu
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