Sustainable water resource management in Chhotanagpur plateau, India
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(2020) 6:90
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sustainable water resource management in Chhotanagpur plateau, India Heena1 · S. C. Rai1 Received: 23 September 2019 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse the urban water use and its associated problems in Hazaribagh city of Chhotanagpur plateau and suggest sustainable water management strategies. The gap between supply and demand for water is increasing because of the increasing population and rapid urbanization in the area. The analysis indicates that this imbalance is not uniform and varies across economic groups and the spatial dimension of the city. The high-income group is consuming more water than the low-income group. The paper also assesses the spatial variation in water security with the help of the water security index. In the absence of proper water supply, residents have started using groundwater for domestic purposes, including drinking. Hence, the physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater samples collected from hydrograph network stations (HNS) wells during May 2016 were analysed to evaluate its suitability for drinking purpose, and the results were compared with Indian and WHO standards. Correlation analysis was carried out to examine the statistical relationship between different ions and contamination sources in the area. The quality of groundwater is endangered by overuse, organic, and inorganic pollution from different sources. The study suggests that the requirement of water can be supplemented by rainwater harvesting as its potential in the area is quite high and it can prove to be a key to sustainable water resource management. The other measures such as public education and awareness will be necessary to achieve desired rationalization in consumption and quality. Keywords Water supply · Population growth · Water security · Water quality · Rainwater harvesting
Introduction Water holds a specific position among the natural resources because of its centrality to life. It is at the core of sustainable social and economic development of the world. Despite this, about 844 million people are devoid of the provision of drinking water. Around 40% of the people in the world are perturbed by the problem of water scarcity and this figure is projected to rise (United Nations Development Programme Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-020-00453-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Heena [email protected] S. C. Rai [email protected] 1
Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
2019). It is officially claimed that 90% of the urban population in India has access to safe drinking water. But access is a relative term. In most of the cities, the availability of water is restricted to only certain hours and also to only specific parts of the city (Lundqvist et al. 2003). Water is likely to be a great challenge due to the imbalance be
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