Synergy analysis on the heat dissipation performance of a battery pack under air cooling
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Synergy analysis on the heat dissipation performance of a battery pack under air cooling Yi Yang 1 & Xiaoming Xu 1 & Yangjun Zhang 2 & Hao Hu 1 & Chen Li 1 Received: 19 May 2020 / Revised: 12 June 2020 / Accepted: 28 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Li-ion batteries are widely used for battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) due to their high energy and power density. A battery thermal management system is crucial to improve the performance, lifetime, and safety of Li-ion batteries. The research on the heat dissipation performance of the battery pack is the current research hotspot in the electric vehicle industry. In this paper, battery modules and battery pack are simplified to heat source and semi-closed chamber, respectively. The field synergy principle and CFD technology were used to make a synergy analysis on its heat dissipation performance. Thermal flow fields of different air outlet modes were considered in this paper, and the results show that the heat dissipation performance of air-cooled battery pack increases with the improvement of the synergy degree between velocity field and temperature gradient field. Compared with other air outlet modes, the upper air outlet mode has the best cooling effect, when the inlet air flow rate is 0.444 m/s, the maximum temperature rise and the maximum temperature difference of heat source can be controlled at 7.01 °C and 3.08 °C. Keywords Field synergy principle . Heat dissipation performance . Semi closed chamber . Air cooling . Air outlet mode
Introduction Nowadays, lithium ion batteries are considered suitable choices for alternative energy sources and widely used in the new energy field, such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems [1, 2]. However, the performance of lithium ion batteries will decrease if the temperature is out of the suitable range [3–5]. Meanwhile, to meet the long driving mileage or effective utilization of the space, lithium ion batteries are usually applied in groups and designed as battery modules which are usually put in a semi-closed chamber, such as the battery pack and the large energy storage tank. Therefore, the heat dissipation performance of the semi closed chamber which is based on air cooling can directly represent the temperature distribution of the battery pack as well as its performance.
* Xiaoming Xu [email protected] 1
School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2
School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Although few studies directly propose the concept of heat dissipation performance of the semi-closed chamber, the battery thermal management system which applies air as the cooling medium is the same with it, because the lithium ion battery pack is put in a box with air inlet and outlet which is equal to a semi-closed chamber. Meanwhile, air cooling system is widely used because of the limitation of battery pack space and energy density [6–10],
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