Thermal Performance of a Micro Heat Pipe Array for Battery Thermal Management Under Special Vehicle-Operating Conditions
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Thermal Performance of a Micro Heat Pipe Array for Battery Thermal Management Under Special Vehicle‑Operating Conditions Chengning Yao1 · Dan Dan1 · Yangjun Zhang1 · Yueqi Wang1 · Yuping Qian1 · Yuying Yan2 · Weilin Zhuge1 Received: 13 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 © China Society of Automotive Engineers (China SAE) 2020
Abstract The thermal management of battery systems is critical for maintaining the energy storage capacity, life span, and thermal safety of batteries used in electric vehicles, because the operating temperature is a key factor affecting battery performance. Excessive temperature rises and large temperature differences accelerate the degradation rate of such batteries. Currently, the increasing demand for fast charging and special on-vehicle scenarios has increased the heat dissipation requirements of battery thermal management systems. To address this demand, this work proposes a novel micro heat pipe array (MHPA) for thermal management under a broadened research scope, including high heat generation rates, large tilt angles, mild vibration, and distributed heat generation conditions. The experimental results indicate that the temperature difference is maintained 3.44 °C at a large heat generation of 50 W for a limited range of tilt angles. Furthermore, a mild vehicle vibration condition was found to improve temperature uniformity by 3.3 °C at a heat generation of 10 W. However, the use of distributed heat sources results in a temperature variation of 3.88 °C, suggesting that the heat generation distribution needs to be considered in thermal analyses. Understanding the effects of these special battery-operating conditions on the MHPA could significantly contribute to the enhancement of heat transfer capability and temperature uniformity improvement of battery thermal management systems based on heat pipe technologies. This would facilitate the realization of meeting the higher requirements of future battery systems. Keywords Battery thermal management · Thermal performance · Micro heat pipe array · Operating conditions Abbreviations BTMS Battery thermal management system C-rate Charge and discharge current with respect to the nominal battery capacity MHPA Micro heat pipe array
1 Introduction In recent years, driven by market demands and supported by government policies, there has been a rapid increase in the development of electric vehicles owing to their environmental friendliness. As such, the batteries used as an important * Yangjun Zhang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Fluids and Thermal Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
2
power component in such vehicles should function at optimal conditions to ensure an excellent overall vehicle performance [1, 2]. However, the capacity, output power, and cycle life of these batteries are highly dependent on the operating temperature [3]. Low operating temperatures can result in
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