Synoptic analysis of unexampled super-heavy rainfall on April 1, 2019, in west of Iran
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Synoptic analysis of unexampled super‑heavy rainfall on April 1, 2019, in west of Iran Yousef Ghavidel1 · Farzaneh Jafari Hombari2 Received: 20 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the synoptic and analyzing the mechanisms of flood occurrence on April 1, 2019, in the western half of Iran. In order to statistically analyze super-heavy precipitation in western Iran, the daily meteorological data from April 2019 for 13 synoptic stations in Kermanshah, Hamadan, and Lorestan Provinces were received and used by the Meteorological Organization. The results show that on the peak day of precipitation in the western half of the country, most stations recorded more than 100 mm of precipitation, the highest of which, 127 mm, occurred at Nahavand station. The arrangement of sea level pressure patterns also indicates the existence of severe pressure gradients between the low pressure in northern Saudi Arabia and western Iran and the high pressure of Siberian and European cold cores, which have created contradictory weather conditions and a strong front at sea level. Also, in the middle and upper levels of the troposphere, with the penetration of cold air flow and cyclonic from Russia and its settlement in West Asia and the region in the form of cutoff low-pressure blocking, severe positive vorticity and divergent and humid ascent flows at all analyzed levels in the western half of the country have been created. Humidity advection maps of 500–1000 hPa levels show that at the 850 and 1000 hPa levels a humidity supply is provided from various sources in the Gulf of Aden, Red Sea, and Mediterranean Sea. But at levels of 500 and 700 hPa, only the Mediterranean Sea plays a key role in supplying and injecting humidity. Keywords Climate hazard · Heavy precipitation · Flood · Synoptic analysis · West of Iran
1 Introduction Floods are one of the most frequent, widespread, and severe atmospheric hazards, causing severe damage to life and property around the world each year. In recent decades, global warming has led to severe precipitation around the world (Yang et al. 2011; He et al. 2015). This change has led to droughts and floods and has had severe effects on the natural environment and the economies of countries (Radinović and Ćurić 2012). * Yousef Ghavidel [email protected] 1
Department of Physical Geography, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Department of Physical Geography, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Natural Hazards
Iran’s climate and topographic characteristics are such that every year, even when large parts of Iran are at risk of widespread droughts, heavy precipitation causes sudden and devastating floods that causes many casualties and financial losses. Since heavy and flooding precipitation is a dangerous and environmentally damaging phenomenon, identifying the synoptic conditions that cause it can help to predict its occurrence to help prepare for it. In recent years, many studies have bee
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