Synthesis and Characterization of MgO Nanoparticle and Its In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect on Erythrocytes
Nanomaterials have moved into modern biological and medicinal implications for the advancement of biomedical applications. Magnesium oxide is a basic oxide of interest that has many applications in catalysis, adsorption, and synthesis of refractory cerami
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Abstract Nanomaterials have moved into modern biological and medicinal implications for the advancement of biomedical applications. Magnesium oxide is a basic oxide of interest that has many applications in catalysis, adsorption, and synthesis of refractory ceramics as well as in the biological system. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles are characterized with a wide variety of applications and are mass-produced throughout the world. However, questions remain regarding its safety. There has been paucity of toxicology research on its side effects, especially under in vivo conditions. The present paper aims at evaluating the toxicity of chemically synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles in erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs). The synthesized MgO nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS, FTIR, and TEM analysis. The synthesized MgO showed hemolytic activity in a dose-dependent sequence. Size and charge characteristics of MgO observed supposed to be the influencing factor for the toxicity to the erythrocytes. Functionalization and surface modification of the synthesized MgO will help in its better applicability in biomedical science. Keywords Nanoparticle · MgO · Erythrocytes · Cytotoxicity
B. Boro · P. Kalita (B) Department of Biophysics, Pub Kamrup College, Baihata Chariali, Kamrup, Assam, India e-mail: [email protected] B. Boro e-mail: [email protected] A. Kr. Nath Department of Physics, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India e-mail: [email protected] M. Barthakur Department of Zoology, Pub Kamrup College, Baihata Chariali, Kamrup, Assam, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 D. Ramkrishna et al. (eds.), Advances in Bioprocess Engineering and Technology, Lecture Notes in Bioengineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7409-2_20
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1 Introduction Nanoparticle research is a fascinating branch of science dealing with nanoscale level of materials at the dimension less than 100 nm (Yeh et al. 2012). Nanoparticles have gained a broad interest in recent years because of their distinctive physical and chemical properties such as mechanical stability, higher damping property, and high strength with good thermal conductivity (Gary and Luan 2001). Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a homomorphous chemical structure with rock salt structure (FCC), the Mg2+ occupies the octahedral sites within the anion closed packed structure, and its ionic constituents comprise a relatively small number of electrons. It has simple crystal arrangement and ideal ionicity, which leads MgO to form stunning foundation for the construction of efficient nanostructures (Wahab et al. 2007). Due to the high thermal, high surface reactivity and high chemical stability with the catalytic properties, the magnesium oxide nanoparticles make it a promising material for the application in therapeutic strategies like antibacterial, antithrombotic properties, etc. (Basit et al. 1998; Richard et al. 2000; Schram and Stehouwer 2005). Biodegradable and low-toxicity Mg
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