Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications.
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Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1243 © 2010 Materials Research Society
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyurethane Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications. M.C. Chavarría-Gaytán1, , I. Olivas-Armendáriz. 1,2 , P.E. García-Casillas,1A. MartínezVillafañe2 and C. A. Martínez-Pérez 1 1 Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Chih. México.C.P. 32310 2 Centro de Investigación de Materiales Avanzados S.C., Chihuahua, México, C.P. 31109 ABSTRACT Polyurethanes are interesting materials that can be used in biomedical applications for regeneration of bone tissue. In this work the synthesis and characterization of porous polyurethanes to act as scaffold is performed by a thermally induced phase separation technique. The appropriate parameters are determined in order to obtain a porous well interconnected material. Characterization by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is made in order to determine the thermal stability of the material. Chemical characterization is made by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). The morphology of the material is observed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the mechanical properties are measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). INTRODUCTION Engineering any human tissue requires several basic components, among them the scaffold or a delivery matrix and viable cells. Thus, the scaffold is an essential material to support initial cell growth and differentiation. Ideally, scaffolds must be made of biocompatible materials to avoid host rejection. It is also important to have a degradable matrix that provides sufficient initial strength. The matrix must be degraded over a period of time to allow the growth of regenerating tissue [1]. A great variety of technologies has been developed to produce polymeric porous scaffolds. The conventional techniques include fiber bonding, solvent casting, particulate leaching, membrane lamination, melt molding, emulsion, freeze drying and supercritical fluid technology. Nevertheless, comparison of the mechanical properties of current man made porous supports with those of bone reveals insufficient mechanical integrity. This is the reason for further research efforts in order to find materials for bone tissue [2, 3]. Common support materials used in tissue engineering are produced from natural or synthetic materials. Polymers, polysaccharides, polyesters, hydrogels or thermoplastic elastomers, and ceramic assets like calcium phosphates [4, 5]. An interesting material is the polyurethane (PU) that has many useful attributes in tissue engineering such as durability, elasticity, fatigue strength and tolerance in the body during the treatment. For that reason, polyurethanes are considered excellent candidates for medical devices and biomedical applications, although most applications have been limited to non-degradable matrices [6]. In this study, thermally induced phase separation
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