Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Applications
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REVIEW PAPER
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Applications Sahana Sadhasivam1 • Megala Shanmugam1 Anusuya Shanmugam1
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Pillai Divya Umamaheswaran1 • Anbazhagan Venkattappan2
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Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 11 October 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nanoparticles refer to ultrafine particles with the particle size at nanoscale. When metals and metal oxides were synthesized at nanoscale, by their unique properties such as smaller particle size, high strength, reactivity, sensitivity, specificity and stability, they have established a wide variety of applications, and thus have gained popularity in various industries such as food, textile, cosmetic, automobile and pharmaceuticals. Silver, gold, copper, aluminium, nickel, iron, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide and copper oxide nanoparticles are few among them. This article presents a review on zinc oxide nanoparticles, its green synthesis methods and various applications in biomedical fields such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and wound healing. Keywords Zinc oxide nanoparticles Green synthesis method Antibacterial Anticancer Anti-inflammatory Wound healing
Introduction Nanotechnology arises from nature, which influences the substance through physio-chemical processes finding momentous application in science field [1]. In 1959, Richard Feynman was the first person conveyed the concept of nanotechnology [2]. Nanotechnology is a field of science which deals with the materials production and manipulation in nanometers [3]. Nanomaterials are microscopic materials that have a structural dimension of 100 nm or less [4]. They have defined properties such as large surface area, quantum size effects which are considered to be a significant state of matter. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles stated various advantageous & Anusuya Shanmugam [email protected] 1
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu 636308, India
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Department of Chemistry, Vinayaka Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Arts and Science College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu 636308, India
applications in the field of sensors, catalyst, electronics, optical fibers, agriculture, bio-labelling and in biomedical areas [5]. Conventionally metal nanoparticle synthetic methods are classified as top-down and bottom-up methods [6]. The top-down methods transform the bulk materials into nanostructures using several techniques such as sonication, laser ablation, mechanical milling, and physical vapor deposition [7]. This method has number of drawbacks such as elaborate, time consuming, high cost of production, and lack the ability to produce particles of nano size [8]. In bottom-up methods, the metal precursors are used either in solid, liquid or gas phases to pro
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