Synthesis and characterization of WO 3 -doped polyaniline to sense biomarker VOCs of Malaria
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Synthesis and characterization of WO3‑doped polyaniline to sense biomarker VOCs of Malaria P. Jisha1 · M. S. Suma2 · M. V. Murugendrappa3 Received: 3 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The major goal of this work is to fabricate a chemiresistive sensor using the properties of nanostructured tungsten trioxide (WO3) doped polyaniline (PAni) nanocomposite to detect malaria biomarker volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The nanocomposite with a mixed morphology of fibers and rod-shaped particles is synthesized using a chemical polymerization method. The mixed morphology of the particles provided a large surface area and porous structure to the nanocomposite and hence more ‘target trap zones’ were formed in the sensing layer to produce a drastic change in resistance while sensing a target VOC vapour. The morphological and structural characterization of the nanocomposite was done using FESEM, XRD and FT-IR methods. Electrical and dielectric studies was performed to study the transport properties of the W O3 doped polyaniline nanocomposite at room temperature. The thermal stability characteristics of the nanocomposite was analyzed using TGA (Thermogravimetric analysis). The sensing studies of the drop casted sensors using the nanocomposites were done and sensing and selectivity characteristics were plotted. The sensor showed good selectivity towards the target VOCs. The sensor with a doping concentration of 15% WO3 in the polyaniline matrix has shown a better response and recovery towards the malaria biomarkers 3-Carene and α-Pinene. The sensor can be used to develop a handheld portable device for malaria biomarker detection from human breath. Keywords Malaria · Breath-sensor · Polyaniline · WO3 · Nanocomposite · 3-Carene · α-Pinene
Introduction Malaria is still considered to be a critical disease transmitted by the infected Anopheles mosquitoes, especially in subSaharan Africa and Southeast Asia (World malaria report 2019 2019). In other parts of the globe even though malaria infection is less, but continuous monitoring and regulation are required to rule out the disease in suspected cases. The early detection of the infection is a critical thing in malaria treatment and thus saving the patient. The conventional malaria detection methods are based on blood smears, which needs sample collection, laboratory facilities, and expert to * P. Jisha [email protected] 1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
2
Department of Medical Electronics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
3
Department of Physics, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
analyze the infection level. Though rapid diagnostic methods are available for malaria diagnosis, they lack specificity and may provide false-positive results (Moyeh et al. 2019). Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium vivax are the major pathogen parasites that
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