Synthesis and photocatalytic performance of nano-CeO 2 by a PVP-assisted microwave interface method for organic dye degr
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Synthesis and photocatalytic performance of nano-CeO2 by a PVP-assisted microwave interface method for organic dye degradation Huan-huan Chen 1,2,3 & Shao-hua Luo 2,3 & Xue-fei Lei 2 & Huan Liu 2 & Ying-ying Liu 2 & Xiao-yu Xu 2 & Ze-hua Jiang 2 & Xiao-dong Li 1 Received: 13 November 2019 / Revised: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 29 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ceria nanoparticles (CeO2-R, R = 2, 5, 10 g/L, where R is the PVP concentration) were successfully synthesized by using a microwave interface method and a PVP surfactant, based on microwave heating and vapor–liquid diffusion. The effect of PVP concentration on the structure, morphology, and the photocatalytic properties was investigated. With the increase of PVP concentration, the particle size of the spherical CeO2-R nanoparticles decreases, the Ce3+ concentration increased, the specific surface area and the light absorption capacity initially increased and then decreased. The CeO2-R (R = 5) sample with the strongest light absorption ability and the largest specific surface area has the highest photodegradation efficiency for methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation, reaching 95% within 150 min. The degradation efficiency decreased slightly from 95 to 92% after five cycles. This indicates that the CeO2-R sample has excellent stability and good application prospect in organic dye degradation. Keywords Ceria . Microwave interface method . Photocatalysis . PVP . Nanoparticles
Introduction Ceria has been widely studied for applications in fuel cells, catalysts, and luminescence due to its chemical stability, photosensitivity, and redox properties [1, 2]. Nanostructured CeO2 materials have also been utilized as photocatalysts due to their strong oxygen storage and release capability, which originates from the variable valence states (between Ce3+ and Ce4+) of cerium [3, 4]. Moreover, ceria is an environmentally friendly material for use in photocatalytic technology, because the final
* Shao-hua Luo [email protected] * Xiao-dong Li [email protected] 1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2
School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
3
Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
degradation products are generally CO2 and H2O [5, 6]. The preparation of ceria nanomaterials with excellent photocatalytic properties is currently an important issue among researchers [7]. Thus far, numerous studies have aimed to synthesize CeO2 nanomaterials by a variety of techniques [8–11]. The microwave synthesis method has received increasing attention due to its advantages, such as the absence of heat conduction, high reaction speed, and well-distributed heating [12]. Moreover, the prepared nanoparticles have high purity and uniform morphology. Li et al. [13] fabricated CeO2 rods in the presence of urea via microwave-assisted hydrolysis
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