Synthesis, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Composite Materials Based on Secondary Polypropylene and Modified Basal
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Synthesis, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Composite Materials Based on Secondary Polypropylene and Modified Basalt Fibers K. B. Galitseiskiia, Y. A. Timantsevb, R. V. Dokuchaevc, T. A. Matseevichc, M. I. Buzinb, K. S. Piminovab, and A. A. Askadskiib,c,* a
Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, 125993 Russia Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia c Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, 129337 Russia * e-mail: [email protected]
b Nesmeyanov
Received October 7, 2019; revised March 25, 2020; accepted April 3, 2020
Abstract—Composite materials based on secondary polypropylene and short-chopped basalt fibers are presented. Composites contain from 5 to 20% basalt fibers; each composite is heated at a temperature of 500, 650, and 750°C. For all samples, stress–strain curves are obtained. The tensile modulus reaches 2120 MPa at a basalt fiber content of 20%, while for the initial secondary polypropylene this modulus is 705 MPa. The strength is 44.5 MPa (for the initial secondary polypropylene, this value is 32.0 MPa), and the specific impact strength is 18.3 kJ/m2 (for the initial secondary polypropylene, this value is 14.4 kJ/m2). DOI: 10.1134/S0965545X20050065
In the present work, composite materials based on secondary polypropylene and basalt fibers were obtained and their ultimate mechanical and relaxation properties were studied in detail. The problem of changing the properties of the surface of basalt fibers was solved in order to improve its adhesion to the polyolefin matrix. The structure and some properties of basalt fibers were considered in a number of papers [1–3]. It was shown that the mechanical properties of basalt fibers depend on the chemical structure and processing conditions, for example, the drawing temperature. For example, the tensile strength of basalt fibers tends to increase with increasing drawing temperature. For basal fibers obtained from different sources, the elastic modulus varies between 78 and 90 GPa; the highest modulus is attained in [1]. Most publications state that, compared to glass fiber, basalt fiber has a higher or comparable modulus and strength [1, 2], although a much lower strength is reported in [3]. In addition to good mechanical properties, basalt shows high chemical and heat resistance [2] and good thermal, electrical, and sound insulation properties [4]. The heat-insulating ability of basalt is 3 times greater than that of asbestos [5, 6]; as a result, basalt is widely used in fire protection [4–6]. In addition, basalt features 10 times better electrical insulation properties compared to the same glass [5, 6]. Basalt is much more chemically resistant than fiberglass, especially in strong alkalis. Aggressive liquids and gases can
be transported through basalt composite pipes [4–6]. Polymer concrete based on a polybutadiene matrix with quartz sand and ash as fillers have very high resistance to acids and alkalis and excellent hardness and adhesion to metal elements
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