Compatibility of Components and Relaxation Properties of Composites Based on Secondary Polypropylene and Modified Basalt
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Compatibility of Components and Relaxation Properties of Composites Based on Secondary Polypropylene and Modified Basalt Fibers K. B. Galitseiskiia, Y. A. Timantsevb, R. V. Dokuchaevc, T. A. Matseevichc, M. I. Buzinb, K. S. Piminovab, and A. A. Askadskiib,c,* a
b
Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, 125993 Russia Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia c Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, Moscow, 129337 Russia * e-mail: [email protected] Received October 7, 2019; revised March 25, 2020; accepted April 3, 2020
Abstract—The compatibility of polypropylene with chemical hydrocarbon structures formed on the surface of basalt fibers is predicted using a nonstandard method of their processing. CCl4 steaming is performed in a flow reactor to replace oxygen atoms with chlorine atoms, after which the chlorinated surface is treated in a stream of CH4 to replace chlorine with hydrocarbon groups. The chemical structure of hydrocarbon groups most compatible with polypropylene is determined by calculations using the Cascade computer program. IR CH3 CH3 spectroscopy and microanalysis confirm the presence of groups Si CH2 and Si O on the sur-
CH3 CH3 face of basalt fibers, which are chemically bonded to silicon atoms. The resulting composites based on secondary polypropylene reinforced with processed basalt fibers show a significant increase in the relaxing stress and modulus at all observation times. DOI: 10.1134/S0965545X20050053
INTRODUCTION In this work, the task of predicting the surface properties of a basalt fiber during its adhesion to a polyolefin matrix was set. Previously [1, 2], the basalt fiber was mixed with another fiber in a matrix to form a hybrid composite. Polypropylene composites filled with basalt fiber were studied [3]. For example, composites were obtained by combined chopped basalt fibers with PP in a twin-screw extruder with further injection molding. Improving the compatibility of PP with basalt fibers was achieved by a combination of a lubricant and a sizing agent. As a lubricant, the authors of [3] used maleated polypropylene wax and aminosilane was used as a sizing agent. The resulting composites demonstrated an increase in bending and tensile strength but at the same time reduction in specific impact strength and elongation at break. In [4], the mechanical properties and structure of short basalt fiber-filled composites based on PP and metallocene ethylene propylene elastomer were investigated. It was shown that the introduction of short-chopped basalt fibers into this mixture of composites provides good adhesion of the fiber to the matrix upon the addition
of maleated polypropylene, which, in turn, increases the elastic modulus and tensile yield strength. When tested on notched specimens, the specific impact strength of composites polypropylene−metallocene ethylene propylene elastomer−basalt fiber−maleated polypropylene increases with increasing fiber content. To carry out the reaction on t
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