Synthesis of Ag 3 PO 4 microstructures with morphology-dependent optical and photocatalytic behaviors
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Synthesis of Ag3PO4 microstructures with morphology‑dependent optical and photocatalytic behaviors Mohammadreza Batvandi1 · Azadeh Haghighatzadeh1 · Babak Mazinani2 Received: 15 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The photodegradation activity and stability of silver orthophosphate ( Ag3PO4) photocatalysts have been greatly attributed to the morphology and exposed crystal facets. In this study, visible light-responsive A g3PO4 photocatalysts with fern-like, multipod-like and tetrapod-like morphologies were successfully synthesized using a facile soft-chemical technique. The morphology-controlled synthesis was conducted by changing tetrahydrofuran/water volumetric ratios in solutions containing orthophosphoric acid and silver nitrate precursors. The morphology effect on the physicochemical properties was systematically investigated using analytical methods including FESEM, EDS, XRD, FT-IR, Raman, UV–Vis DRS and PL. A g3PO4 microstructures were examined for their photocatalytic capabilities in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The assessment of the photocatalytic activity was performed through optimizing operational factors including irradiation time, pH, initial MB concentration and photocatalyst dosage. Fern-like A g3PO4 microstructures exhibited the highest photodegradation efficiency compared to other morphologies in which the degradation order followed a trend as fern-like A g3PO4 (85.91) > multipod-like Ag3PO4 (74.72) > tetrapod-like Ag3PO4 (62.92). The morphology-dependent photocatalytic performances of Ag3PO4 microstructures were perfectly in agreement with the recombination rate of photoexcited electron–hole pairs and visible light adsorption capacity. Photodegradation process kinetics was explored through the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model, while the adsorption equilibrium was surveyed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Keywords Microstructures · Ag3PO4 · Morphology-dependent features · Recombination rate
1 Introduction Due to organic pollutants being released into the urban wastewater, the water environment deterioration has attracted many global concerns over the past few decades. Aqueous effluents contain a large number of synthetic dyes and pigments with high stability and resistance to biodegradation coming from various industries such as textile, paper, leather, printing inks and cosmetic. Therefore, it seems crucial to develop possible remediation techniques to control aquatic ecosystems supporting a wide range of organisms including microorganisms, invertebrates, insects, plants and fish [1]. A variety of methods such as thermal, * Azadeh Haghighatzadeh [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Materials Engineering, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
2
physiochemical and biological processes have been commonly utilized to treat wastewaters from toxic dyes compounds [2]. It has be
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