Synthesis of Amine Functionalized Mesoporous Silicas Templated by Castor Oil for Transesterification
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MRS Advances © 2018 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.347
Synthesis of Amine Functionalized Mesoporous Silicas Templated by Castor Oil for Transesterification Elianaso Elimbinzi1, Stephen S.Nyandoro*1, Egid B. Mubofu1, Amin Osatiashtiani2, Jinesh C. Manayil2, Mark A. Isaacs2, Adam F. Lee3 and Karen Wilson*3 1
Chemistry Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
2 European Bioenergy Research Institute (EBRI), Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
3
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC3000, Australia
*Corresponding authors:[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Mesoporous silicas were synthesized via a surfactant-templated sol-gel route using castor oil as the templating agent under acidic medium. The resulting silicas were subsequently amine functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (NH2-MTS), [3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane (NN-MTS), and [3-(diethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane(DN-MTS) to introduce surface basicity. Surface physicochemical properties were characterized by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEGSEM), nitrogen porosimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). Assynthesised materials exhibit type IV adsorption-desorption isotherms characteristic of mesoporous structures. Clusters of spherical shaped materials were observed by FEGSEM, suggesting growth of silica occurs within colloidal dispersions. High-resolution N 1s XP spectra and DRIFT spectra confirmed the presence of amine groups in the organo-amine functionalised mesoporous silicas. The amine functionalised mesoporous silicas were active for the transesterification of tributyrin with methanol, with conversion found to increase from NH2-MTS< NN-MTS< DN-MTS.
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INTRODUCTION Castor oil is a non-edible naturally occurring triglyceride composed of glycerol and free fatty acid chains with approximately ninety percent of the fatty acid chains being ricinoleic acid[1,2]. Castor oil has unique properties owing to the presence of a hydroxyl group in addition to carboxylic and olefinic groups in ricinoleic acid, which makes the oil a good candidate for transformation by different chemical reactions such as hydrogenation, epoxidation, saponification, esterification, pyrolysis, sulphonation and polymerizations [3]. Thus, various chemicals such as sebacic acid, undecylenic acid, 2octanol can be obtained from the castor oil[4]. Castor oil and ricinoleic acid have also been reported as a capping agent for nanoparticles synthesis[5,6] and have been used for biodiesel production via esterification and tr
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