Synthesis of High Quality Few Layer Graphene Sheets in Large Quantities by Radio Frequency Chemical Vapor Deposition
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Synthesis of High Quality Few Layer Graphene Sheets in Large Quantities by Radio Frequency Chemical Vapor Deposition
Enkeleda Dervishi,1 Zhongrui Li,1 Fumiya Watanabe,1 Jimmy Shyaka,1 Abhijit Biswas,2 Aurelie Courte,3 Jean Luc Umwungeri,1 Alexandru R. Biris,4 and Alexandru S. Biris 1 1
UALR Nanotechnology Center University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR-72204, U.S.A. 2 Department of Physics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, U.S.A. 3 Ecole d'Ingenieurs du CESI-EIA, La Couronne, France 4 National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, ClujNapoca, Romania.
ABSTRACT This work reports a low-cost method for large scale production of high quality graphene via radio-frequency chemical vapor deposition. High quantities of graphene were successfully synthesized on the Fe-Co/MgO (2.5:2.5:95 wt.%) catalytic system utilizing acetylene as a hydrocarbon source at 1000 oC. The as-produced graphene sheets were purified in a single step by washing with a diluted hydrochloric acid solution under sonication. Next, they were thoroughly characterized by microscopy, spectroscopy, and X-Ray diffraction. Advanced transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses have indicated the formation of 3-5 layered graphene nanosheets. Thorough analyses by Raman spectroscopy were also performed demonstrating the presence of high quality and few-layer graphene samples. This low cost and highly reproducible method may be applied in a straightforward way to produce large quantities of graphene for various advanced applications.
INTRODUCTION 2
Graphene is comprised of a single-layer of sp -hybridized carbon atoms, hexagonally
arranged into a two-dimensional array. Due to its unique physical, chemical, electrical and mechanical properties, this material has shown promise for several advanced technological applications such as fuel cells, chemical detectors, batteries, solar cells, graphene based composite materials, nano-electronics and photovoltaic devices [1-6]. Synthesis of large scale and high quality graphene via a simple low-cost method will expand its scope in various applications. One of the first successful methods to produce both single and few-layer graphene was micromechanical exfoliation of bulk graphite [7-10]. However, this method is difficult to control and hence not suitable for mass production. In other studies, large quantities of graphene nanosheets were produced via a soft chemical synthesis route and an ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition route on different substrates [11-13]. Nevertheless, it should be noted that these
methods are time consuming and their yields are typically low, limiting their abilities to have significant economic and technological impact. In this manuscript, we report a simple approach for the large scale production of graphene nanosheets on a catalyst system using Radio Frequency (RF) catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (cCVD). This is a well known technique previously used for high quality
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