Synthesis of high-saturation magnetization composites by montmorillonite loading with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium ions
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Synthesis of high‑saturation magnetization composites by montmorillonite loading with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium ions and magnetite nucleation for improved effluent sludge handling and dye removal Facundo Barraqué1 · María L. Montes2 · Mariela A. Fernández1 · Roberto C. Mercader2 · Roberto J. Candal3 · Rosa M. Torres Sánchez1 Received: 9 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Organomagnetic clays have been designed and synthesized from montmorillonite loaded with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium ions (HDTMA+), to be used in water treatment systems to minimize the direct manipulation of effluent sludge dyes. The structural, magnetic, and hyperfine properties have been determined using thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential measurement, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The Methylene blue and Ponceau 4R (P4R) removal efficiency has been analyzed in batch conditions. The 58% H DTMA+-loaded + composite exhibits a saturation magnetization three times higher than the composite without HDTMA , while the surfactant incorporation improved P4R adsorption. The proper HDTMA+ loading improves the saturation magnetization and the adsorption capacity of the composites, thus yielding added-value materials from two points of view, magnetic response and dye adsorption capacity. Keywords Magnetized composites · Montmorillonite HDTMA+ loading · Magnetization improvement · Dye adsorption
1 Introduction Functionalized clay minerals for pollutant adsorption are being widely studied. Some clays, as montmorillonite (Mt), exhibit high specific surface and noteworthy adsorption capacity for several pollutants [1–4], although the products are difficult to recover from an aqueous medium due Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-03834-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Facundo Barraqué [email protected]; [email protected] 1
CETMIC, Camino Centenario y 506, (B1897ZCA) M. B. Gonnet, Argentina
2
Instituto de Física La Plata ‑ CONICET CCT‑La Plata, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
3
Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental 3iA, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CONICET, Argentina
to its swelling capacity and relatively smaller particle size. To reduce the human health risk and handle the materials employing external magnets, magnetic-clay composites have been synthesized with different degrees of success. For this reason, magnetic particles supported by any adsorbent surface like clay minerals solve the technological problem. This approach provides as well new adsorption sites for the relevant pollutants as heavy metals and As [5–8], and dyes [9–13]. Mt has been modified by the incorporation of iron magnetic particles [14–16] for heavy metals, organic pollutants, and dye removal [17–24]. Howe
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