Synthesis of propyl benzoate by solvent-free immobilized lipase-catalyzed transesterification: Optimization and kinetic
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RESEARCH PAPER
Synthesis of propyl benzoate by solvent‑free immobilized lipase‑catalyzed transesterification: Optimization and kinetic modeling Priyanka V. Jawale1 · Bhalchandra M. Bhanage1 Received: 5 February 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study aimed to analyze reaction kinetics and mechanism for the synthesis of propyl benzoate in solvent-free conditions. Lipase was immobilized on Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer blend by entrapment method. Among different lipases immobilized on a support, Candida cylindracea (CCL) showed excellent activity. Systematic studies were done to optimize the reaction conditions. The activation energy was found to be 16.2 kcal/ mol for immobilized CCL. Kinetic parameters were calculated, which depicted that propyl benzoate synthesized using immobilized CCL followed the ternary complex model in which propanol inhibits lipase activity at higher concentrations. Recyclability of the catalyst was checked up to four catalytic cycles and 40% retention of activity was observed up to the fourth cycle. Finally, the applicability of developed protocol to synthesize various alkyl benzoates was explored. Keywords Transesterification · Immobilized lipase · Solvent-free synthesis · Enzyme kinetics
Introduction The use of enzymes in synthetic chemistry has been increased because of the advantages they have over conventional chemical catalysis. Enzymes have high catalytic power, require mild conditions of temperature, pH, and pressure (so that reduce energy use and are economical), and display high specificity for the substrate, renewable, degradable, non-toxic, and also some enzymes can function well in organic solvents [1, 2]. Lipases are widely used in catalysis, the added advantage over the above properties of enzymes lipases are more stable and show broad catalytic promiscuity [2, 3]. Lipases are a well-known catalyst for esterification and transesterification reactions. Lipase catalyzed synthesis of flavor molecules is widely explored [4]. There is an increased need for nature identical flavors, as the natural flavors obtained from the extraction method are not sufficient to meet demands. To make the flavors safer for human consumption, synthetic processes * Bhalchandra M. Bhanage [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
should be greener. Unfortunately, many industrial processes involve the use of organic solvents, which are mostly volatile and lead to environmental damage through pollution and risk to human health [5]. To address this problem, lots of research is going, on the development of new greener synthetic approaches [6, 7]. Solvent-free synthesis of chemicals is one of the aspects of green chemistry. Solvent-free synthesis has several benefits compared with the classical synthetic methods; these advantages include no usage of extra chemicals like a solvent that mi
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