Synthesis of Spherical Copper Microparticles by Reduction of Cu(II) Ions with Benzyl Alcohol in the Presence of 2-[2-(2-
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hesis of Spherical Copper Microparticles by Reduction of Cu(II) Ions with Benzyl Alcohol in the Presence of 2-[2-(2-Methoxyethoxy)etoxy]acetic Acid O. A. Logutenkoa,*, A. I. Titkova, and A. M. Vorobyova a Institute
of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630128 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received February 17, 2020; revised February 17, 2020; accepted February 27, 2020
Abstract—Spherical copper microparticles were synthesized by reduction of Cu2+ ions with benzyl alcohol in the presence of 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid at 195°C. The resulting particles were characterized by X-ray phase analysis and electron microscopy. The influence of the synthesis conditions (synthesis temperature and time, as well as stabilizer, copper ions, and sodium hydroxide concentrations) on the size, morphology, and degree of polydispersity of the resulting copper particles was assessed. Keywords: copper, microparticles, benzyl alcohol, 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid, reduction
DOI: 10.1134/S1070363220080162 Rapidly advancing digital technologies rely substantially on the use of nano- and microparticles of metals (silver, gold, copper) to prepare inks and pastes for 2D and 3D printing of electrically conductive components of printed electronics, including antennas and microelectrodes [1–4]. The most popular electrically conductive materials are those based on silver due to its high conductivity and resistance to oxidation, but high cost of silver prevents its widespread use and creates a growing demand for cheaper metals. Inexpensiveness and low electrical resistivity of copper makes it an acceptable alternative to silver. However, by contrast to silver, copper nanoparticles are fairly easily oxidized during synthesis and subsequent storage [5–8]. More stable submicron and micron copper particles find extensive application in various electrically conductive ink and paste formulatios [9–11]. Research aimed at developing simple and lowcost methods for producing oxidation-resistant copper nano- and micropowders is especially relevant today. A number of physical and chemical methods have been developed for the synthesis of metal particles [12]. Among chemical methods, extensively applied is reduction of organic or inorganic metal salts in highboiling organic liquids (glycerol, ethylene glycol, tri- and tetraethylene glycols) which not only are good stabilizers but also can reduce some metal ions [13, 14]. Along
with high-molecular-weight alcohols, a suitable reaction medium is provided by benzyl alcohol which is capable of reducing metal ions due to a fairly high reduction potential. Micron- and submicron-sized metal powders were prepared by the reduction of copper, silver, cobalt, nickel, and bismuth carboxylates with benzyl alcohol [15–18]. Detailed research on benzyl alcohol oxidation by noble metal nanoparticles was carried out, and benzyl alcohol was employed in the synthesis of nanoparticles of various metal oxides [19, 20]. However, stu
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