Synthesis of visible light active copper, iron co-doped BiVO 4 photocatalyst for the degradation of phenol
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Synthesis of visible light active copper, iron co‑doped BiVO4 photocatalyst for the degradation of phenol Faria K. Naqvi1 · Saba Beg1 · Kaseed Anwar1 Received: 7 August 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract In the current research, BiVO4 samples of co-doped copper and iron (Cu/Fe–BiVO4) were synthesized using the gel combustion technique. The synthesized preparations for the degradation of phenol with visible light radiation were used as a photocatalyst. Synthesized samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV– Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In order to determined the particle size XRD and TEM plays an important role which was calculated in the range of 22–30 nm. Morphology of the samples were revealed by SEM. A comparison of the kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of phenol by Cu/Fe–BiVO4 was performed under visible light. The XRD patterns show the various phases of the synthesized samples. The Cu/ Fe–BiVO4 sample has higher photocatalytic activity as compared to parent B iVO4. For phenol degradation under visible light radiation, the degradation mechanism was suggested. Keywords BiVO4 · Photocatalytic degradation · Gel combustion · Phenol · Hydroxyl radical
Introduction The semiconductivity has been established in recent years with a large band gap (e.g. TiO2, ZnO, SrTiO3, WO3) which is only active in UV–Visible region [1–3]. Special emphasis was put on developing visible light response photocatalysts to achieve their high usage efficiency in the use of solar power [4]. In the last decade [5, 6] new photocatalytic materials have become the subject of intensive research, because of environmental needs for protecting water and atmosphere of the Earth.
* Saba Beg [email protected] 1
Solid–State Chemistry Lab, Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis
Due to their excellent properties such as resistance to corrosion, non-toxic, ferroelasticity and ionic conductivity, [7] bismuth-based oxides like bismuth-vanadate (BiVO4) received a lot of attention. But, due to its poor adsorption performance and low quantitative yield caused by the difficult migration of electron–hole pairs, the photocatalytical activity of B iVO4 is still in need of improvements. To solve this problem, the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst can always be enhanced through the separation of photogenerated electrons from holes [8–10] in a successful direction. Few studies of the development of BiVO4 doped for improved photocatalyst activities under visible light irradiation have been published recently [11–13]. It was therefore considered worth enhancing the photocatalytic behavior of B iVO4 and the photo sensitivity to visible light irradiation, which were attracted considerable attention by doping agents such as Ag [7], Cu [8], Dy [12, 14] and C [15].
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