Synthesis of ZnO@poly-o-methoxyaniline nanosheet composite for enhanced NH 3 -sensing performance at room temperature
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Synthesis of ZnO@poly-o-methoxyaniline nanosheet composite for enhanced NH3-sensing performance at room temperature Rui Gao 1 & Hanyue Zhu 1 & Shan Gao 1 & Lihong Liu 1,2 & Yingming Xu 1 & Xianfa Zhang 1 & Xiaoli Cheng 1 & Lihua Huo 1 Received: 13 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Poly-o-methoxyaniline (POMA) and zinc oxide (ZnO) composites were prepared via in situ polymerization and characterized by thermogravimetry thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and N2 sorption measurement. The composites show different morphology when the ratio of POMA and ZnO varies. At a ratio of 2:2, the composite shows thinner nanosheet structure with smooth surface and exhibits best response to NH3 at room temperature. The ZnO@POMA nanosheet sensor shows good selectivity and a wide response range (linear ranges from 0.05-1 pmm and 10-100 ppm of NH3). The lowest detection limit reaches 0.05 ppm. The sensor exhibits good reversibility. Based on the testing results of ultraviolet diffuse reflection spectroscopy and Kelvin probe technique, the adsorption and desorption of NH3 molecules on the sensing material and the formation of p-n heterostructure between ZnO and POMA and their synergistic effects are further explained. More importantly, the sensor possessed excellent moisture resistance. The overall test results of ZnO@POMA show that the sensor has good practical applicability for detecting trace NH3 at room temperature. Keywords ZnO@poly-o-methoxyaniline nanosheets . In situ polymerization . Room temperature sensor . NH3 sensing mechanism
Introduction Polymer, as an intrinsic conductive polymer material, is widely used in the protection of fuel cells [1], supercapacitors [2], gas sensors [3–9], electrochemical sensors [10–12], and so on. The common conductive polymers, e.g., polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline (PANI), have become a research hotspot in the field of gas sensors due to its unique properties, characteristics and convenient synthesis, and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04513-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yingming Xu [email protected] * Lihua Huo [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
2
College of Science, Heihe College, Heihe 164300, China
strong conductivity, especially detection of ammonia gas at room temperature. Ammonia is widely used in the fields of medicine, agriculture, and chemical industry [13–16]. NH3 leakage or excessive emissions can cause air pollution. At the same time, ammonia is an important physiological indicator for the detection of certain kidney diseases, as one of the body’s e
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