A graphene/TiS 3 heterojunction for resistive sensing of polar vapors at room temperature
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A graphene/TiS3 heterojunction for resistive sensing of polar vapors at room temperature Nassim Rafiefard 1 & Azam Iraji zad 1,2 & Ali Esfandiar 2 & Pezhman Sasanpour 3,4 & Somayeh Fardindoost 2 & Yichao Zou 5 & Sarah J. Haigh 5 & Seyed Hossein Hosseini Shokouh 6 Received: 25 August 2019 / Accepted: 26 December 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The room temperature polar vapor sensing behavior of a graphene-TiS3 heterojunction material and TiS3 nanoribbons is described. The nanoribbons were synthesized via chemical vapor transport (CVT) and their structure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. The gas sensing performance was assessed by following the changes in their resistivities. Sensing devices were fabricated with gold contacts and with lithographically patterned graphene (Gr) electrodes in a heterojunction Gr-TiS3-Gr. The gold contacted TiS3 device has a rather linear I-V behavior while the Gr-TiS3-Gr heterojunction forms a contact with a higher Schottky barrier (250 meV). The I-V responses of the sensors were recorded at room temperature at a relative humidity of 55% and for different ethanol vapor concentrations (varying from 2 to 20 ppm). The plots indicate an increase in the resistance of Gr-TiS3-Gr due to adsorption of water and ethanol with a relatively high sensing response (~495% at 2 ppm). The results reveal that stable responses to 2 ppm concentrations of ethanol are achieved at room temperature. The response and recovery times are around 8 s and 72 s, respectively. Weaker responses are obtained for methanol and acetone. Keywords Gas sensor . Graphene . 2D layered materials . 2D and 1D semiconductors . Nanocomposite . Titanium trisulfide . Transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) . Tunable Schottky barrier . VOC sensor . Van der Waals heterostructures . Chemical vapor transport (CVT) . Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-4097-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Azam Iraji zad [email protected] 1
Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 14588-89694, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1985717443, Tehran, Iran
4
School of Nanoscience, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P. O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran
5
School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
6
Department of Physics, Iran University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 13114-16846, Tehran, Iran
Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is crucial in envir
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