Synthesizing Chiral Drug Intermediates by Biocatalysis
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Synthesizing Chiral Drug Intermediates by Biocatalysis Wei Jiang 1 & Baishan Fang 2,3,4 Received: 23 October 2019 / Accepted: 13 February 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
The chiral feature is a critical factor for the efficacy and safety of many therapeutic agents. At present, about 57% of marketed drugs are chiral drugs and about 99% of purified natural products are chiral compounds. There has been a tremendous potential of functional microorganisms and biocatalysts derived from them for the bioconversion of synthetic chemicals into drugs with high enantio-, chemo-, and regio-selectivities. Biocatalysis is becoming a key subassembly in the medicinal chemist’s toolbox. In fact, the intermediates of many important therapeutic agents such as sitagliptin, pregabalin, ragaglitazar, paclitaxel, epothilone, abacavir, atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and omapatrilat have been successfully synthesized via biocatalysis. In this review, various biocatalytic systems that enable to synthesize these chiral drug intermediates are updated and discussed regarding their potential application in the pharmaceutical industry. Further development and increased utilization of biocatalysis for production of drugs with emphasis on green chemistry can be expected. Keywords Biocatalysis . Chiral drug intermediate . Anti-Alzheimer’s drugs . Synthetic biology . Metabolic engineering
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-02003272-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
* Wei Jiang [email protected] * Baishan Fang [email protected]
1
Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021 Fujian, China
2
Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
3
The Key Lab for Synthetic Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
4
The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 Fujian, China
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Introduction The production of single enantiomers, which can be obtained by either biocatalytic or chemical synthesis of chiral intermediates, has become increasingly important in the development and use of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals [56, 99, 100, 163, 209]. Biocatalysis is now keeping to maintain good growth momentum and is becoming a key constituent part in the toolbox for the chemists, and it has a place alongside chromatographic separations and chemocatalysis [183]. Biocatalysis systems (both whole-cell and isolated enzyme systems) are increasingly used as a synthetic route to produce complex molecules in industrial fields, such as synthesis of high value-added chemicals and drug intermediates [14, 18, 22, 28, 53, 55, 132, 176, 183, 232]. Further, the bioconversion field has gained more interest for the synthesis of chiral building blocks same
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