Nanoscale Biocatalysis Methods and Protocols
Nanoscale science and engineering, which deal with size-dependent properties and phenomenon at nanometer scale, are unveiling new mechanisms that scientists must rely on heavily at the present time to achieve efficient and sustainable chemical processing
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MO L E C U L A R BI O L O G Y
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651
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Nanoscale Biocatalysis Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Ping Wang Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
Editor Ping Wang Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Biotechnology Institute University of Minnesota St. Paul, MN 55108, USA [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-131-4 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-132-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-132-1 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011928153 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface In the pursuit of efficient and sustainable chemical processing technologies, people have seen a growing emphasis on synthetic biotechnology in recent R&D efforts. In particular, industrial enzyme technologies are attracting enormous attention. Having been traditionally developed for food processing and detergent applications, industrial enzyme technologies are being re-examined and tested to their capability limits in order to keep abreast of the challenges in drug, biochemical, and the emerging biorenewable energy industries. Toward that, enzymes are required to function in non-conventional conditions, such as organic solvents, extreme pH, and temperatures; they also have to compete against alternative chemical technologies in terms of costs and efficiency. Accordingly, enzymic biocatalyst systems are being tackled dynamically at all size levels through efforts ranging from molecular-level protein engineering and modification, nanoscale structure fabrication, intracellular reaction pathway controls and regulation, and microenvironment manipulation to the construction of micro-chip devices and macroscopic industrial bioreactors and devices. Nanoscale science and engineering, which deal with size-dependent properties and phenomenon at nanometer scale, are unveiling new mechanisms that people have to rely on heavily nowadays to achieve such efficiencies. Ad
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