Biodegradable and Functional Synthetic Polymers in Nanomedicine: Controlled and Targeted Bioactive Molecule Release
In recent decades, there is a sustained interest in the development of drug delivery systems based on bioactive and functional polymers such as poly(propylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(lactide acid) (PLA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid
- PDF / 579,260 Bytes
- 16 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 71 Downloads / 181 Views
Biodegradable and Functional Synthetic Polymers in Nanomedicine: Controlled and Targeted Bioactive Molecule Release Xiaoming Guo, Leung Chan, and Tianfeng Chen
Abstract In recent decades, there is a sustained interest in the development of drug delivery systems based on bioactive and functional polymers such as poly(propylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(lactide acid) (PLA), poly(lactic-co- glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and poly(p-dioxanone) (PPDO). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these polymers for biomedical applications due to their excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity. The poly-hydroxy and -carboxy characteristics not only give them a supramolecular structure for drug loading, but also to incorporate drugs into the structure through chemical interactions. This chapter aims to present the molecular and physiochemical bases for the application of PEG and PLGA for functional delivery and controlled and targeted release of bioactive compounds. Keywords Bioactive delivery · Biodegradable polymers · Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) · Poly(propylene glycol) (PEG) · Polymeric carriers
2.1 Introduction Synthetic chemicals and natural bioactive compounds are of critical importance in nanomedicine and health care (Zarrintaj et al. 2019). However, many promising therapeutic compounds have low water solubility, rapid clearance and diverse side effects, which greatly hinders their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy (Lukyanov and Torchilin 2004; Tyrrell et al. 2010). One solution to address these problems is to load these drugs into nanoscopic carriers (Mura et al. 2013; Bobo X. Guo · L. Chan · T. Chen (*) Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 T. J. Gutiérrez (ed.), Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume One, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43403-8_2
5
6
X. Guo et al.
et al. 2016). Thus, an important trend in the fields of biomedicine and food nanoencapsulation is the development of vehicles capable of drug delivery and release (Gutiérrez and Álvarez 2017; Gutiérrez 2018a). Polymers with injectable, biocompatible and biodegradable properties emerge as promising candidates to meet these needs since they have the ability to modulate the toxicity of the target molecules, prolong residence time in the blood, improve water solubility and concomitantly control the release of target molecules at the site of interest (Soppimath et al. 2001; Rapoport, 2007; Kumari et al. 2010; Chen et al. 2011). It has been reported that the global annual sale of polymeric nanomedicine in 2010 reached 60 billion (Zhang et al. 2010), which represents almost half of the total sale of 121 billion of the entire nanomedicine industry (Almeida and Souto 2007). In this sense, the ability to relate the structure of polymers with the performance of delivery provides knowledge for scientists and technologists in the medicine an
Data Loading...
