Systemic Infection of Potyvirus: A Compatible Interaction Between Host and Viral Proteins
Viruses profoundly depend on endogenous host transport system and interact with preexisting host cellular factors during movement. Potyviral movement is directed by several movement proteins that are HC-Pro, CP, VPg, and CI and newly discovered P3N-PIPO.
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Abstract
Viruses profoundly depend on endogenous host transport system and interact with preexisting host cellular factors during movement. Potyviral movement is directed by several movement proteins that are HC-Pro, CP, VPg, and CI and newly discovered P3N-PIPO. CP and HC-Pro facilitate movement of virus by increasing size exclusion limit (SEL) of plasmodesmata (PD). These movement proteins serve many functions: binding the viral genome, transporting the viral genome to plasmodesmata, gating plasmodesmata, trafficking through plasmodesmata, and then transporting through phloem. TuMV P3NPIPO is a PD-localized protein and mediates the targeting of CI to PD. The P3 protein was not previously associated with potyvirus movement, but it was known to interact with the P1 protein; it is co-localized with 6K2 vesicles (site of potyviral replication). This points out a link between virus replication complexes and intracellular movement. CP has the ability to increase SEL of PD and interact with host RTM factors and suppress RTM resistance of plants. HC-Pro is crucial for long-distance movement of potyvirus by suppressing gene silencing mechanism of host plant. Interaction with host factors and chaperones is also required for efficient spread of potyvirus; presumably interaction of the viral CP with a plant Dna J-like protein NtCPIP (capsid protein interacting proteins) provides a strong in vivo confirmation for the essential role of plant chaperones in potyvirus movement. In this chapter, we are concerned on potyvirus intracellular, intercellular, and long-distance movement, focusing on the host cellular factors’ interaction with movement proteins involved.
R.K. Verma R. Mishra P. Sharma D.K. Choudhary R.K. Gaur (*) Department of Science, Faculty of Arts, Science & Commerce, Mody Institute of Technology & Science, Laxmangarh, Sikar 332311, Rajasthan, India e-mail: [email protected] R.K. Gaur and P. Sharma (eds.), Approaches to Plant Stress and their Management, DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-1620-9_20, # Springer India 2014
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Keywords
Potyvirus Cell-to-cell movement Movement proteins
Introduction Viruses are obligate parasites that can multiply genomes in their host organisms. A successful infection requires counteracting host defenses as well as intimate interactions between the viral genomes/genome-encoded products and host cellular factors. The infection of plants by viruses is a result of series of compatible interactions between viral and host factors to complete their life cycle. For infection, first, the infected cells must support viral replication for the supply of infectious material. Second, the virus or viral genome moves from cell to cell through the plasmodesmata, within the initially infected leaf. Third, the virus must move through several vasculature-associated cell types and enter the sieve elements, where movement occurs passively over long distances within the same leaf and between organs. Finally, the virus must exit the sieve elements and reestablish replication
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