T follicular Helper Cells Methods and Protocols
This volume brings together the skills and protocols of numerous laboratories that are at the heart of investigation into the biology of Tfh cells in both mice and humans. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, cha
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Marion Espéli Michelle Linterman Editors
T Follicular Helper Cells Methods and Protocols
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
T Follicular Helper Cells Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Marion Espéli INSERM UMR_S996, LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
Michelle Linterman Lymphocyte Signalling and Development ISP, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
Editors Marion Espéli INSERM UMR_S996 LabEx LERMIT Université Paris-Sud Clamart, France
Michelle Linterman Lymphocyte Signalling and Development ISP Babraham Institute Babraham Research Campus Cambridge, UK
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-2497-4 ISBN 978-1-4939-2498-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-2498-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015934691 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface After an infection or after deliberate immunization, high-affinity antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells are generated that are able to provide protection against subsequent infection. The production of these effector cells occurs in a specialized microenvironment called the germinal center. The main cellular constituents of the germinal center are rapidly dividing B cells, which are subjected to somatic hypermutation of their immunoglobulin variable region genes. This process can change the affinity, or alter the specificity, of the B cell receptor for antigen which means that newly mutated B cells must undergo a process of selection to ensure that the germinal center p
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