Techniques in Speech Acoustics
Techniques in Speech Acoustics provides an introduction to the acoustic analysis and characteristics of speech sounds. The first part of the book covers aspects of the source-filter decomposition of speech, spectrographic analysis, the acoustic theory of
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Text, Speech and Language Technology VOLUME 8
Series Editors Nancy Ide, Vassar College, New York Jean Veronis, Universite de Provence and CNRS, France
Editorial Board Harald Baayen, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, The Netherlands Kenneth W. Church, AT & T Bell Labs, New Jersey, USA Judith Klavans, Columbia University, New York, USA David T. Barnard, University of Regina, Canada Dan Tufis, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Romania Joaquim Llisterri, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain Stig Johansson, University of Oslo, Norway Joseph Mariani, LIMSI-CNRS, France
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
Techniques in Speech Acoustics by Jonathan Harrington Speech Hearing and Language Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
and
Steve Cassidy Speech Hearing and Language Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
.....
"
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
Additional material to this book can be downloaded [rom http ://extras.springer.com. ISBN 978-0-7923-5822-0 ISBN 978-94-011-4657-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4657-9
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In ali other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Printed on acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
For Alexander and Catriona Owen and Nichola
CONTENTS
Preface
ix
Vowel and Consonant Transcriptions
xi
Contents of the CD-ROM 1 The 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
Scope of Speech Acoustics What is speech acoustics? . . . . . . . . . The variable nature of speech . . . . . . . Experimental designs in speech acoustics . Some key areas of research in speech acoustics .
2 The Physics of Speech 2.1 Speech waveforms 2.2 Frequency analysis .
xiii 1 1
2 4 5 9
9 12
3 The Acoustic Theory of Speech Production 3.1 The source-filter decomposition of speech 3.2 The acoustic source in speech production 3.3 The acoustic filter in speech production 3.4 Vocal tract losses . . . . . 3.5 Radiated sound pressure. 3.6 The composite model. . .
29 30 34
4 Segmental and Prosodic Cues 4.1 Vowels . . . . . . 4.2 Oral stops . . . . 4.3 Nasal consonants 4.4 Fricatives . . . . 4.5 Approximants .. 4.6 Prosody and juncture
57
5 Time-Domain Analysis 5.1 Sampling and quantisation . 5.2 Definition of a digital signal 5.3 Simple operations on signals . 5.4 Windowing signals . . . . . . 5.5
