Temperature-controlled resistive sensing of gaseous H 2 S or NO 2 by using flower-like palladium-doped SnO 2 nanomateria
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Temperature-controlled resistive sensing of gaseous H2S or NO2 by using flower-like palladium-doped SnO2 nanomaterials Lingling Meng 1 & Yuliang Li 1 & Man Yang 1 & Xiaohong Chuai 1 & Zhijie Zhou 2 & Changhua Hu 2 & Peng Sun 1 & Fangmeng Liu 1 & Xu Yan 1 & Geyu Lu 1 Received: 23 September 2019 / Accepted: 21 January 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Palladium-doped SnO2 nanomaterials, with palladium in fractions from 0 to 10 mol% were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, and XPS. Their gas sensing properties were studied in two temperature ranges of 75– 95 °C and 160–210 °C. The sensor using 5 mol% Pd-doped SnO2 exhibits temperature-dependent sensing property. NO2 can be detected at 80 °C, while H2S is preferably detected at 180 °C. The response to 10 ppm H2S is 50 times higher than that of the undoped sample. Its detection limit is 500 ppb. For NO2, the sensor exhibited strong response and a lower detection limit of 20 ppb. In view of the selective detection of H2S and NO2 by regulating the temperature, palladium-doped SnO2 has great prospects in the detection of H2S and NO2. Keywords Gas sensors . Pd-doped SnO2 . H2S . NO2 . Temperature-adjusted . Hydrothermal method
Introduction H2S is poisonous and flammable with a distinct smell of rotten eggs even at 1 ppm [1, 2]. Its acceptable ambient level (recommended by the Scientific Advisory Board on Toxic Air Pollutants, USA) is in the range of 20–100 ppb [3]. NO2 is one of the main air pollutants. The US Environmental Agency announces that low concentration of NO2 (53 ppb) may increase the incidence of acute respiratory diseases in children [4]. Nowadays the problems to detect H2S and NO2 in environmental sensing, such as high detection limits and poor selectivity for gases still exist [5]. At present, there are great Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-4132-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xiaohong Chuai [email protected] * Geyu Lu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of gas sensors, Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
2
Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an 710000, People’s Republic of China
progress made on the improvement of the selectivity and low detection limitation [6]. We are wondering if it is possible to use a simple method to achieve selective detection of gas and low the detection limit to meet the needs of humans and the environment. Researchers have taken various approaches to improve its selectivity and low detection limit. Pineau et al. researched that orthogonal gas sensor could realize the selective detection of gases [7]. Prajapati et al. reported that ultralow-power nanosensor could simultaneously detect CO, CO2, SO2 and NO2 [8]. An ultraviolet (UV) light activated gas sensor with
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