Temperature stress and fertility reversibility in wild abortive CMS lines of rice for quality hybrid seed production
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Temperature stress and fertility reversibility in wild abortive CMS lines of rice for quality hybrid seed production Yatetla Longkumar1 • Sharmila Dutta Deka1
•
Debojit Sarma1 • Smrita Gogoi1
Received: 30 September 2020 / Accepted: 24 November 2020 Ó Indian Society for Plant Physiology 2020
Abstract CMS lines are highly sensitive to temperature change for the sterility status. Determination of critical temperature for sterility breakdown in wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterile (WA-CMS) lines under field condition is essential for efficient seed production planning. CMS lines IR58025A and IR68897A were grown at different dates of sowing to give exposure to a series of temperature regime and day length at natural field condition. At panicle initiation stages, temperatures below 28.5 °C, the CMS lines were sterile and at temperatures below 30 °C, the lines became partially sterile. Above 30 °C, the CMS line reverted to fertile. The highest pollen sterility was recorded (98.3%) during the long day condition while the lowest was recorded (43.5%) during the short day condition indicating the effect of both temperature and day-length on break down of sterility. Differential expression of floral characters like panicle exertion and stigma was found with variation in temperature. This simple field-driven technique can be successfully employed to work out the functional temperature for fertility reversibility which is of utmost importance for planning seed production and maintenance of genetic purity of the hybrids. The technique will aid in designing seed production planning for hybrid rice locally in any rice-growing area of the world in the present scenario of restrictions in export and import of agricultural commodities. Keywords WA CMS lines Temperature sensitivity Pollen sterility Fertility reversibility Genetic purity & Sharmila Dutta Deka [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam, India
Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the third essential cereal after wheat and maize grown across the world. As a staple food, achieving self-sufficiency in rice production is essential for food security in developing countries, where rice cultivation generates employment and income for the poor people (FAO 2014). The plateauing yield trend of the modern high yielding varieties, declining and degrading natural resources like land, water and change in temperature due to global warming make the task of increasing rice production quite challenging. Various climatic factors, together with the difference in day and night temperatures, profoundly impact rice production (Yang et al. 2017). Rice yield would experience a reduction of 41% by the end of the 21st Century due to different climate change effects (Ceccarelli et al. 2010). The increase in global mean temperatures is one of the most critical factors contributing to the yield decrease (Ziska et al. 1996; Peng et al. 2004; Sheehy et al. 2005; Shah et al. 2011; Fahad et al. 2015).
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