Template-free synthesis of high specific surface area gauze-like porous graphitic carbon nitride for efficient photocata
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Template-free synthesis of high specific surface area gauze-like porous graphitic carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride Dongbo Wang1, Ying Huang1, Xin Yu1, Xianqing Huang1, Yaxuan Zhong1, Xiaoxiao Huang1, Zheng Liu1, and Qingge Feng1,* 1
School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR, China
Received: 6 August 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 9 November 2020
Toxic solvents and chemicals are usually used to prepare carbon nitride. Therefore, a low-toxic template-free method was proposed to prepare gauze-like porous graphitic carbon nitride (CCM18) with high specific surface area. The morphology, crystal and surface structure, specific surface area and optical properties of CCM18 were characterized, and the removal efficiency for tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) degradation under simulated sunlight was evaluated. The results showed that CCM18 has a specific surface area of 107.4 m2 g-1, stronger light absorption capacity and a band gap energy of 2.92 eV. The degradation rate of TC by CCM18 was more than twice that of BCN. The experiment of radical scavengers confirmed that superoxide radicals (O2-) and hydroxyl radical (OH) were the major active species. The enhanced performance of CCM18 for TC degradation (82%) and the stability of CCM18 that can be reused multiple times indicated the prospect of industrial application.
Published online: 30 November 2020
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction Tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) has been extensively used as a human and veterinary medicine since been discovered in the 1900s [1, 2]. The long-term release of low-dose antibiotics into the environment will lead to the enhancement of drug resistance of sensitive bacteria [3, 4] and these induced drug-resistant genes Handling Editor: Chris Cornelius.
Address correspondence to E-mail: [email protected]
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05550-1
can expand and evolve in the environment, which pose a potential threat to the ecological environment and human health [5–7]. In recent years, photocatalytic degradation of TC has become a popular solution [8–10]. Since 2008, an organic metal-free material called graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has triggered widespread discussion [11, 12] because it has good stability, convenient synthesis, environmental
4642 protection and low preparation cost [13, 14]. As a promising catalyst, the application of g-C3N4 has been extend to plentiful domains, hydrogen evolution [15, 16], carbon dioxide capture [17–19] and conversion [20], H2O2 production [21], conversion of methane [22], sterilization and disinfection [23], sensors [24] and degradation of pollutants [25–28], etc. Nevertheless, the practical application is still restrict by various problems: high speed of photogenerated electron–hole pairs recombination, tiny specific surface area and limited visible-light absorption [29]. For eliminating the limitations of g-C3N4 and optimizing the structure, many researche
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