The 7-items version of the connectedness to nature scale: A study of its validity and reliability with Brazilians
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The 7-items version of the connectedness to nature scale: A study of its validity and reliability with Brazilians Claudio D. Rosa 1
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Silvia Collado 2
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Christiana Cabicieri Profice 1
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Pedro P. Pires 3
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Introduction Human actions are largely responsible for environmental problems such as climate change, deforestation, and biodiversity loss (Steffen et al. 2015). Hence, several authors have highlighted the importance of a better understanding of the drivers of pro-environmental behaviors (PEB) (Collado et al. 2015; Whitburn et al. 2019). Connectedness to nature (CN) has been defined as a latent construct that represents the connection between individuals and nature and is related to individuals’ emotions, beliefs and behaviors toward nature (Mayer and Frantz 2004; Tam 2013; Pasca et al. 2017; Whitburn et al. 2019). CN is thought to be one of the main factors leading to PEB (Tam 2013; Frantz and Mayer 2014; Gkargkavouzi et al. 2018) and, as such, there is a growing interest on the factors leading to CN (Di Fabio and Kenny 2018; Rosa and Collado 2019). For example, experiences in nature (e.g., nature-based recreation) are seen as a relevant determinant of CN (Duron-Ramos et al. 2020; Rosa and Collado 2019). Considering its importance in predicting PEB, and the relevance of valid and reliable measures, efforts have been put to develop valid and reliable tools to assess CN (Tam 2013). Tam’s (2013) reviewed the instruments used to register CN. He found seven different measures of CN, being the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01026-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Claudio D. Rosa [email protected] 1
Department of Development and Environment, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Department of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
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Departament of Psicometrics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) the most popular one. This author concluded that the unique predictive power of these different measures is irrelevant. In the current study, we focus on the CNS. The original scale is formed by 14 items (Mayer and Frantz 2004) and has been adapted to be used in different countries such as Brazil (Pessoa et al. 2016) and Spain (Pasca et al. 2017). The CNS assesses both the affective and cognitive dimensions of an individual’s CN (Whitburn et al. 2019). In one of its latest adaptations, Pasca et al. (2017) proposed a 7-items version of the scale (hereafter CNS 7-items). The goal was to develop a shorter instrument, which would potentially reduce participants’ fatigue when filling in long questionnaires, as well as eliminate items that had poor psychometric properties. This effort fits well into the current framework of psychometric measures where shorter versions are preferable to reduce participants’ fatigue and to provide m
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