The Application of Lactobacillus reuteri CCM 8617 and Flaxseed Positively Improved the Health of Mice Challenged with En
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The Application of Lactobacillus reuteri CCM 8617 and Flaxseed Positively Improved the Health of Mice Challenged with Enterotoxigenic E. coli O149:F4 Z. Andrejčáková 1
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D. Sopková 1 & R. Vlčková 1 & Z. Hertelyová 2 & S. Gancarčíková 3 & R. Nemcová 3
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The aim of our study was to monitor the effects of dietary synbiotics on experimentally infected mice. Sixty mice were divided into the following three groups: negative control group C1, positive control group C2 (mice infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O149:F4NAL), and experimental group LF (Lactobacillus reuteri CCM 8617RIF + 10% flaxseed + E. coli O149:F4NAL). Supplements were administered for 42 days. Microbiological, hematological, and biochemical analyses, electrophoretic analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes, and analysis of fatty acids using gas chromatography and isotachophoresis were performed. We recorded higher numbers of jejunal and ileal lactic acid bacteria, lower Enterobacteriaceae counts in the feces of the animals, and an increased production of organic acids in the synbiotic-fed group. The supplements applied favored n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism and inhibited n−6 PUFA metabolism; thus, they influenced the n−6 to n−3 and eicosapentaenoic to arachidonic acid ratios. Additionally, the incorporation of n−3 PUFAs to the cell membrane decreased the activity of LDH, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase. Results obtained in our study indicate the positive effect of continuous supplementation of combination of probiotic cheese enriched with L. reuteri CCM 8617RIF and crushed flaxseed on composition of intestinal microflora and alleviation of the course of infection induced by pathogenic bacterium E. coli O149:F4NAL. Keywords Probiotic . Flaxseed . Lactobacillus . E. coli . Mice . Infection
Introduction The current research focuses on increasing the trend to utilize biologically active additives of natural origin, including several microorganisms, for improving the health of animals and humans. These additives are one of the most important options available for replacing antibiotics used in farm animal and human nutrition. Live microbial feed supplements, which * Z. Andrejčáková [email protected] 1
Institute of Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
2
Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University, Šrobárova 2, 041 80 Košice, Slovak Republic
3
Institute of Microbiology and Gnotobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovak Republic
beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance, are well known as probiotics [1]. Probiotics ensure proper balance between pathogens and bacteria that are necessary for normal functioning of the immune system, promotion of mineral c
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