The Characteristics of Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated Using DMF and DMSO/GBL Solvents
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08283-8 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES AND MATERIALS SYMPOSIUM 2019
The Characteristics of Perovskite Solar Cells Fabricated Using DMF and DMSO/GBL Solvents S.N. MANJUNATHA,1 YI-XIAN CHU,1 MING-JER JENG LIANN-BE CHANG1,2
,1,2,3 and
1.—Department of Electronic Engineering and Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan. 2.—Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. 3.—e-mail: [email protected]
Organic solar cells are used in low-cost solar energy applications. Recently, organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells have attracted considerable interest. Low-temperature spin-coating is the simplest method to fabricate the low-cost solar cells; however, forming a continuous perovskite film by spin coating a precursor solution of lead iodide (PbI2) and methylammonium iodide (CH3NH3I) is challenging. This work investigated the characteristics of perovskite thin film, prepared using dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/c-butyrolactone (GBL) solvents in the direct mixing of PbI2 and CH3NH3I. Perovskite films prepared using the DMSO/GBL solvent had greater crystallinity and compactness than those using the DMF solvent. Cell performance was improved by a perovskite absorber using the DMSO/GBL solvent to a power conversion efficiency of 8.87%, an open-circuit voltage of 0.82 V, a current density of 17.13 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 63.01%. Key words: Organic solar cell, perovskite, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, c-butyrolactone
INTRODUCTION Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskite has been significantly developed in recent years; that development has involved the material, fabrication processes, and the structures of solar cells. Most organic/inorganic halide perovskite materials have a simple AMX3 perovskite structure, where A is a formamidinium methylammonium [CH3NH3+; + (CH(NH2)2 ; FA] or cesium (Cs+; Cs) cation, M represents divalent metals, and X is a halide anion (Cl , Br , or I ).1–3 Recent extensive research in this field has led to a large increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% to a certified 25.2% through perovskite composition manipulation4–7 Methylammonium lead halide [MAPbX3, where MA is methylammonium (CH3NH3) and X
(Received December 5, 2019; accepted June 15, 2020)
is a halogen] perovskites represent a breakthrough for next-generation solar cells. Perovskites are dominating solar cell development because of their excellent tunable optical properties, including chemical compositions, ambipolar charge transport, and very large electron-hole diffusion lengths. Perovskite solar cells can be fabricated using simple methods, and they have large absorption coefficients, tunable bandgaps, high carrier mobility, and large charge carrier diffusion lengths. The most common and efficient architecture for perovskite solar cells comprises a light absorber layer,8–10 such as CH3NH3PbX3, sandwiched between a tra
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