The correlation between circulating inflammatory, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors level with the cognitive ou
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The correlation between circulating inflammatory, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors level with the cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis patients Mahnaz Talebi 1 & Alireza Majdi 1 & Ehsan Nasiri 1 & Amirreza Naseri 1 & Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad 1 Received: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 # Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia 2020
Abstract Introduction Changes in the levels of circulating markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors might be a good candidate for the prediction of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, the correlation between the mentioned circulating markers with the Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (CANTAB) task outcomes was determined in MS patients. Methods The CANTAB (paired-associate learning (PAL), reaction time (RTI), rapid visual information processing (RVP), and spatial working memory tasks (SWM)) was completed by the patients. Accordingly, the serum levels of interferon-γ (INF-γ), Creactive protein (CRP), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity were measured. Cognitive impairment status and the correlation between the circulating factors with the CANTAB outcomes were determined. Results The cognitively impaired (CI) patients appropriately differentiated from not cognitively impaired (NCI) ones using the CANTAB tasks. The serum levels of MDA, TAC, CRP, INF-γ, and GDNF correlated with the cognitive scores in MS patients (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, and disability levels (covariates in a regression model), the MDA, INF-γ, and GDNF factors levels were statistically different between CI and NCI groups (p < 0.05). Discussion The mentioned markers might predict the cognitive impairment progress and be used as an index of its detection, in addition to neuropsychological assessments, in MS patients. Keywords Multiple sclerosis . Cognitive impairment . CANTAB . Inflammation . Oxidative stress . Neuroprotection . Circulating marker
Abbreviations AChE Acetylcholine esterase BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor CANTAB Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery CI Cognitively impaired CIS Clinically isolated syndrome CNTF Ciliary neurotrophic factor CRP C-reactive protein EDSS Expanded disability status scale
* Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad [email protected] 1
Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
GDNF INF-γ MACFIMS MDA MOT MS NCI PAL PBMCs PCA PCs ROS RTI RVP SD
Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor Interferon-γ Minimal assessment of cognitive function in MS Malondialdehyde Motor screening task Multiple sclerosis Not cognitively impaired Paired-associate learning Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Principal components analysis Principal components Reactive oxygen species Reaction time Rapid visual information proce
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