Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology 2017

This book discusses both the theoretical and practical aspects of optics, photonics and lasers, presenting new methods, technologies, advanced prototypes, systems, tools and techniques as well as a general survey indicating future trends and directions. T

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Paulo Ribeiro David L. Andrews Maria Raposo Editors

Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology 2017

Springer Series in Optical Sciences Volume 222

Founded by H. K. V. Lotsch Editor-in-Chief William T. Rhodes, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA Series Editors Ali Adibi, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA Toshimitsu Asakura, Toyohira-ku, Hokkai-Gakuen University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan Theodor W. Hänsch, Max Planck Institute of Quantum, Garching, Bayern, Germany Ferenc Krausz, Garching, Bayern, Germany Barry R. Masters, Cambridge, MA, USA Herbert Venghaus, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Berlin, Germany Horst Weber, Berlin, Berlin, Germany Harald Weinfurter, München, Germany Katsumi Midorikawa, Laser Tech Lab, RIKEN Advanced Sci Inst, Saitama, Japan

Springer Series in Optical Sciences is led by Editor-in-Chief William T. Rhodes, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA, and provides an expanding selection of research monographs in all major areas of optics: – – – – – – – –

lasers and quantum optics ultrafast phenomena optical spectroscopy techniques optoelectronics information optics applied laser technology industrial applications and other topics of contemporary interest.

With this broad coverage of topics the series is useful to research scientists and engineers who need up-to-date reference books.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/624

Paulo Ribeiro David L. Andrews Maria Raposo •



Editors

Optics, Photonics and Laser Technology 2017

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Editors Paulo Ribeiro Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa Caparica, Portugal

David L. Andrews School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich, UK

Maria Raposo Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa Caparica, Portugal

ISSN 0342-4111 ISSN 1556-1534 (electronic) Springer Series in Optical Sciences ISBN 978-3-030-12691-9 ISBN 978-3-030-12692-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12692-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019930725 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishe