The cytotoxic activity of extracts of the brown alga Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, against cancer cell l
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23RD INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM, JEJU
The cytotoxic activity of extracts of the brown alga Cystoseira tamariscifolia (Hudson) Papenfuss, against cancer cell lines changes seasonally Ahmad A. Mansur 1
&
Murray T. Brown 1 & Richard A. Billington 1
Received: 24 July 2019 / Revised and accepted: 5 December 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Brown seaweeds have been highlighted for their abundant production of bioactive substances that may provide novel drugs or drug scaffolds for a range of diseases, particularly cancer. Indeed, a number of promising compounds that can modulate growth arrest or apoptosis have already been isolated. As previous work has highlighted seasonal differences in concentrations of secondary metabolites, this study aimed to evaluate seasonal variation in the cytotoxic anticancer activity of Cystoseira tamariscifolia extracts. Primary and secondary metabolites were measured using colourimetric techniques and extracts were exposed to human leukaemia, HL60 and THP-1, and human prostate cancer PC3 cell lines in vitro, and cell viability was measured using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results confirm a large but inconsistent seasonal variation in the concentrations of biomolecules, although, generally, levels were higher in spring and summer. IC50 values for cytotoxicity also showed variability both seasonally and with extraction protocol, but again, this was inconsistent. These data suggest that when collecting brown algae in order to isolate novel bioactive compounds, repeated sampling across annual or biotic cycles of the seaweed and the use of multiple solvent extraction methods could give a greater possibility of discovering bioactive lead compounds. Keywords Anticancer . Chemical metabolites . Seasonal variation . Seaweed . Phaeophyta
Introduction Cancer has become one of the major causes of premature death in an ageing population. With the risk of developing cancer approaching 50% by the age of 80, combined with current life expectancy figures that are increasing in developing countries, cancer is likely to remain a major affliction to patients and a challenge to healthcare services. The most common treatments for cancer are still surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, including direct and indirect hormonal and immune therapies (Coffelt and de-Visser 2015; Senthebane et al. 2017). Currently, most of the chemotherapeutic strategies used to treat different cancers are not completely effective and are often associated with severe side effects that can significantly reduce the quality of life
* Ahmad A. Mansur [email protected] 1
School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
of the patient. Thus, much research is being dedicated to finding novel compounds that show clinical efficacy with reduced side effects, with much of this research concentrated on natural products including those from marine algae (Anand et al. 2016). Bioactive compounds from brown seawee
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