Cytotoxic Activity Assessment and GC-MS Screening of Two Codium Species Extracts
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Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, Vol. 54, No. 7, October, 2020 (Russian Original Vol. 54, No. 7, July, 2020)
CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT AND GC-MS SCREENING OF TWO Codium SPECIES EXTRACTS Nidhal Fahem,1 Aslam Sami Djellouli,1 and Sellema Bahri1,* Original article submitted May 13, 2020. Various solvent extracts from two marine green algae, Codium bursa and Codium fragile collected from the North Tunisian coasts during spring and summer seasons were used to obtain high dry matter yields. The algal extracts showed the great power of in vitro cell growth inhibition against Hela cells, which was confirmed by MTT test. The comparative efficiency of different polarity solvents showed that methanolic extract with high-polarity composition had significantly more important yield than petrol ether extracts, while the higher inhibition activity was obtained with petrol ether extract from C. bursa (IC50 = 115.755 mg/mL). Moreover, it showed a seasonal variation that revealed the most important activity during the season of spring as compared to summer. Flash chromatography of the petrol ether extract and GC-MS analysis of its most active fraction revealed a total of six major compounds well-known in medicinal plants: 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone; 2-dodecanone; 1-dodecanol; dodecyl acrylate; formic acid 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-yl ester; and bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-2-ene-4-ol 2-methyl-9-(prop-1-en-3-ol-2-yl). Keywords: Codium; polarity; seasonal variation; HeLa cell growth inhibition; GC-MS; bioactivity.
However, variation of the cytotoxic activity of Codium species was poorly investigated. In this context, the present study highlights the effect of polarity and seasonal variation on the cytotoxic activity of extracts from seaweeds belonging to Chlorophyta phylum collected from Tunisia coasts. The active fractions were separated by flash chromatography and their chemical profiles were determined by GS-MS analysis.
1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, much attention has been focused on marine environment and its therapeutic potential as pharmaceuticals [1 – 3] due to various applications such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal and antitumoral [4 – 8] and the relative abundance of bioactive compounds isolated from seaweeds, including fucoidan, lipids, protein, polysaccharides, vitamins, carotenoids, and minerals [9, 10]. In fact, seaweeds react to the extreme conditions of the marine environment by the production of various bioactive molecules depending on the species [11] and other biotic conditions, such as the introduction of other marine organisms as epiphytes or competitors, or abiotic parameters such as the time of water collection, depth, salinity, temperature, wave force, light intensity, and oxygen concentrations [12 – 14]. These parameters vary between species and seasons and may exhibit significant variation in the biological cycle, photosynthetic activity, and bioactive potential due to changes in their secondary metabolites production [15]. In addition
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