The Dilemma Between Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (Hot) and Ozone Therapy
HOT is better known than ozone therapy because it is considered an orthodox approach and is widely used in the USA. This explains why many physicians and the layman often ask me if ozone therapy is a sort of HOT.
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The Dilemma Between Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (Hot) and Ozone Therapy
HOT is better known than ozone therapy because it is considered an orthodox approach and is widely used in the USA. This explains why many physicians and the layman often ask me if ozone therapy is a sort of HOT. The latter is a medical procedure by which 100% medical oxygen (Kindwall, 1993; Tibbles and Edelsberg, 1996; Leach et al., 1998; Cianci, 2004) is delivered at 2–3 times (usually 2.6) the atmospheric pressure (1 atmosphere = 760 mmHg) at sea level. In physiological conditions, at this level with normal air, the pO2 in the alveolar space (O2 :14%) is equivalent to 100 mmHg and the pO2 of arterial blood is about 98 mmHg; Hb is fully saturated to Hb4 O8 and there is about 0.3 ml per decilitre of O2 solubilized in the plasma. Tissues at rest extract from blood an average of about 25% O2 (i.e., 5–6 ml of O2 /dl), so that venous blood has a pO2 of about 40 mmHg and Hb4 O8 , having released at least one molecule of O2 , becomes Hb4 O6 . Thus the amount of O2 physically dissolved in the plasma is grossly insufficient for the requirements of the tissues and the necessary 5.5 ml of oxygen derive from deoxygenation of Hb4 O8 . In the hyperbaric chamber, administering 100% O2 at 3 atmospheres, the O2 solubilized in plasma is as much as 6 ml/dl and the Hb is fully saturated with oxygen. In this situation, the dissolved O2 content is sufficient to satisfy the cellular requirements and Hb4 O8 hardly release any oxygen. Rapid decompression (say from 4–5 to 1–2 atmospheres) causes decompression sickness due to nitrogen dissolved in plasmatic water, which suddenly forms inert gas bubbles that cause disseminated embolism. The diver can be saved if rapidly placed in the hyperbaric chamber, because during slow decompression the nitrogen is replaced by oxygen and slowly expired while the oxygen is metabolized by the tissues. Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a cause of death all over the world (Ernst and Zibrak, 1998) due to the fact that CO binds to Hb with an affinity 240 times that of oxygen. In the presence of CO, the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the left and changes to a more hyperbolic shape, with the result of impaired release of oxygen at the tissue level, where CO also binds to myoglobin. The hyperbaric chamber can save the intoxicated subject by delivering oxygen dissolved in the plasma to anoxic tissues and by accelerating the dissociation of COHb: its half-life decreases from about 300 min while air is breathed, to
V. Bocci, Ozone, 2nd ed., DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-9234-2_10, C Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011
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The Dilemma Between Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (Hot) and Ozone Therapy
about 20 min with hyperbaric 100% oxygen. Moreover, HOT allows the dissociation of CO from cytochrome C oxidase, thus improving the cellular energy state. The immediate administration of normobaric oxygen to a CO-intoxicated patient is certainly useful, because the half life of CO-Hb is only about 60 min and tissue oxygenation is i
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