The Economic Environment
This chapter evaluates the environment from a far more detailed perspective than is usual. It especially draws attention to the social and behavioural issues that have to be considered. There is a far more detailed method proposed for addressing and class
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The Economic Environment
Abstract This chapter evaluates the environment from a far more detailed perspective than is usual. It especially draws attention to the social and behavioural issues that have to be considered. There is a far more detailed method proposed for addressing and classifying the different environmental factors that are of value to society as well as delivering the economic demands necessary. Keywords Organisations · Organisation purpose · Economic environment · Competition · Open and closed economies · Analysing the environment · Socio-technological approach
Introduction An organisation is any entity or body that is constituted for a given purpose, and which then establishes and conducts activities in pursuit of this purpose. Leaders, directors and managers are then employed by the owners and directors of organisations to run them on their behalf. Organisations are created on the basis that more can be achieved by people working in harmony and towards a stated purpose than by individuals acting alone. It is also more efficient and effective to specialise, at
© The Author(s) 2020 R. Pettinger, The Socio-Economic Foundations of Sustainable Business, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39274-1_5
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least to some extent, in seeking to serve or fulfil a given set of wants or needs. Resources, technology, expertise, information, finance and property can then be commanded and ordered for the stated purpose, within the constraints of the environment. The result of this is that society and the economy are more or less founded on a highly complex network of organisations, each of which serves a given purpose and all of which serve the entire range of purposes required. Organisations pervade all aspects of life—economic, social, political, cultural, religious, communal and family. They serve needs and essentials—food, shelter, health, IT, energy, education, water, energy, transport and communications; as well as wants and choices—cola, cinema, football. They serve what are understood to be ‘public services’: services including health and social care, policing and security, overall infrastructure maintenance and development. Other organisations are constituted to deliver the social, political and economic infrastructure. There are therefore political, legal/judiciary, economic, security, military and other organisations. These organisations are staffed by people who have the skills and expertise to deliver these activities and functions, which provide a fundamental governance to the society as a whole, and the ways in which it functions. Society and its different groups also require that organisations deliver ‘not for profit’ activities: and so there are such organisations as: charities; specialist and advisory bodies; regulatory and public health and safety standards; and other key social, political and economic activities. Organisations provide employment for all, and consequently underpin the patterns of life that everyone follows. For those who work in them, organisations form a di
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