The Effect of Chemical Treatments on the Tuber Dormancy of Hungarian Potato Cultivars
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The Effect of Chemical Treatments on the Tuber Dormancy of Hungarian Potato Cultivars Ádám Esztergályos 1 & Zsolt Polgár 1 Received: 30 January 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020/ # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The length of tuber dormancy of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important property of cultivars, which significantly determines the duration of storage period, the storage conditions, the economy of storage and the earliest time of planting. Potato cultivars can largely differ in the duration of dormancy period. Under temperate climatic conditions, longer dormancy is more advantageous. However, in case of multiple planting within one calendar year or in case of specific needs, it can be necessary to artificially break the dormancy of tubers. In this study, we investigated the effect of chemical treatments on the tuber dormancy of three Hungarian potato cultivars (Balatoni rózsa, Démon, Botond) having different dormancy periods. The experiment was conducted in three consecutive years (growing periods). Treatments were performed using gibberellic acid, benzyl-adenine and Rindite in different concentrations and combinations. Results showed that the treatments largely influenced the length of tuber dormancy. Rindite and its combination with gibberellic acid treatments largely and significantly reduced the dormancy period for all the cultivars in all growing season, with an average 65% reduction (1906 to 669 °C). Treatments had the greatest impact on the cultivar Balatoni rózsa, with an average 33% reduction of dormancy, while they had the least impact on the cultivar Démon, with an average 25% reduction. We did not observe significant relationship between cultivar maturity type and the reduction of tuber dormancy. We found that the weather conditions of growing period influence the duration of dormancy and the efficiency of chemical treatments. Keywords Chemical treatment . Gibberellic acid . Rindite . Solanum tuberosum . Tuber
dormancy breaking
* Zsolt Polgár [email protected] Ádám Esztergályos [email protected]
1
Potato Research Centre, Szent István University, Deák Ferenc Str. 16., Keszthely H-8360, Hungary
Potato Research
Introduction Tuber dormancy of potato cultivars is an important genetically determined trait that is largely influenced by environmental factors of the growing season. It partially determines the storage costs by influencing the storage temperature and the period of storage without sprout development (Wiersema 1985). Under temperate climatic conditions, longer dormancy is more advantageous, while in Mediterranean or subtropical conditions, where repeated planting within one calendar year or even permanent planting is possible, shorter dormancy is preferred (Struik and Lommen 1999). However, during seed multiplication programmes with multiple planting within one season and for rapid post-harvest quality testing of seed potatoes, shortening or breaking of dormancy is often needed (Coleman 1983; Struik and Wiersema 1999; Wróbel 2008). Immediately after maturation, harvest
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