The Effect of Low and Medium Doses of Proton Pencil Scanning Beam on the Blood-Forming Organs during Total Irradiation o
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HEMISTRY, BIOPHYSICS, AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
The Effect of Low and Medium Doses of Proton Pencil Scanning Beam on the Blood-Forming Organs during Total Irradiation of Mice Corresponding Member of the RAS V. E. Balakina, O. M. Rozanovab,*, E. N. Smirnovab, T. A. Belyakovaa,**,
A. E. Shemyakova,b, S. I. Zaichkinab, S. S. Sorokinab, and A. R. Dyukinab Received April 27, 2020; revised May 8, 2020; accepted May 11, 2020
Abstract—The aim of this work was to study the effect of proton pencil beam scanning in the Bragg peak in the dose range of 0.1–1.5 Gy on the induction of cytogenetic damage in the bone marrow, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in whole blood, and the state of lymphoid organs after total body irradiation of mice. Irradiation was carried out in the Prometeus proton synchrotron (Protvino) in the Bragg peak with proton energy at the output of 90–116 MeV. It was found that, under irradiation of mice in the range of low and medium doses of proton pencil beam scanning in the Bragg peak, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) according to the criterion of cytogenetic changes was 1.15. In addition, it was found that the pathophysiological effect on the lymphoid organs and the production of ROS by blood cells were different as compared with the effect of X-rays. Keywords: pencil beam scanning, proton, mice, micronucleus test, thymus, spleen, ROS DOI: 10.1134/S1607672920050026
The study of the biological effectiveness of highenergy charged heavy particles in the range of low and medium doses is relevant for solving the problems of nuclear medicine and space biology, as well as for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of development of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. The main advantage of proton beams, similarly to other accelerated particles, on which their use in tumor therapy is based, is the specificity of their dose distribution: a relatively low input dose and the presence of a Bragg peak (maximum energy release at the end of the particle path at a set depth) directly in the tumor, which prevents damaging the surrounding healthy tissue [1]. However, along with the possibility of precise localization of the main radiation energy, the value of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of protons is lower than that of, for example, carbon ions, and is in the range of 0.6–1.8 [1, 2]. The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements currently recommends an RBE of 1.1 for clinical use of protons [3]. This value is based on numerous data obtained a Physical
Technical Center, Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Protvino, Moscow oblast, Russia b Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow oblast, Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected]
during in vitro irradiation of cultures of normal and tumor cells using the methods whose sensitivity often requires the use of high radiation doses, and the results of such experiments are difficult to interpret and extrapolate for practic
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