The effect of Mn doping on nano structure and magnetic properties of Mn x Fe 3-x O 4 -PEG/PVP/PVA based ferrogel

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ORIGINAL PAPER

The effect of Mn doping on nano structure and magnetic properties of MnxFe3-xO4-PEG/PVP/PVA based ferrogel Sunaryono Sunaryono 1,2 & Muchlis Fajar Hidayat 1 & Nandang Mufti 1,2 & Siriwat Soontaranon 3 & Ahmad Taufiq 1,2 Received: 31 August 2019 / Accepted: 8 March 2020 # The Polymer Society, Taipei 2020

Abstract PVP/PVA based ferrogel was well fabricated using Freezing-Thawing method with MnxFe3-xO4-PEG magnetic nanoparticles as filler that was previously synthesized by simple coprecipitation method. This sample was confirmed by functional groups data from the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The manganese doping (x = 0, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8) was added to enhance the chemical and physical characteristics for increasing the application efficiency. Besides, polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer was added to stabilize the magnetic nanoparticles through the hydrophilic characteristic. The XRD characterization showed that the crystal structure of MnxFe3-xO4-PEG nanoparticles corresponded to the magnetite phase with the highest peak at 2θ = 35.5° and had average particle sizes about 10.2 nm. This result was similar to the average crystal size characterized by the TEM instrument about 9.9 nm, and the secondary particle size analyzed by the SAXS instrument. By using the Two-Lognormal model, the secondary particle and primary particle sizes of the sample were successfully analyzed and resulted in the particle size of about 10 nm and 3.3 nm, respectively. To analyze the nanostructure of PVP/PVA hydrogels, meanwhile, the Beaucage and TeubnerStrey models were successfully used and resulted in the crystallite size and the average distance between the crystallite of PVP/ PVA hydrogels which were approximately 8.8 and 38.6 nm, respectively. The saturation magnetization trend value of MnxFe3xO4-PEG decreased by the addition of Mn and the particle size reduction. Furthermore, MnxFe3-xO4-PEG nanoparticles showed a superparamagnetic characteristic proven by its coercivity field and remnant magnetization approximated to zero. This result showed that the MnxFe3-xO4-PEG nanoparticles have the potency on some applications such as drug delivery applications and cellular imaging. Keywords MnxFe3-xO4-PEG . PVP/PVA . Nano-structure . Optical property . Ferrogel

Introduction Ferrogel is a composite material between polymer chains (hydrogels) and magnetic nanoparticles, which are sensitive to the external magnetic field and already observed since the 90s. The study of ferrogel widely developed by years in many fields

* Sunaryono Sunaryono [email protected] 1

Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia

2

Center of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy (CAMRY), Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia

3

Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Venue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand

such as bio medic for hyperthermia [1] and drug delivery system [2] because of

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