The effect of pre-slaughter starvation on muscle protein degradation in sea bream ( Sparus aurata ): formation of ACE in
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The effect of pre‑slaughter starvation on muscle protein degradation in sea bream (Sparus aurata): formation of ACE inhibitory peptides and increased digestibility of fillet Giovanna Lippe1 · Barbara Prandi2 · Tiziana Bongiorno1 · Francesca Mancuso1 · Emilio Tibaldi1 · Andrea Faccini3 · Stefano Sforza2 · Mara Lucia Stecchini1 Received: 15 July 2020 / Revised: 25 September 2020 / Accepted: 27 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract High-quality proteins from farmed fish, including sea bream, represent a cheaper and healthier alternative to proteins from other animals, especially for people affected by chronic diseases. Aquaculture has also the possibility to move towards more sustainable growth and production. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the impact of a starvation period before slaughtering in comparison to full feeding on quality attributes of sea bream fillet focused on their health promoting values. SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and high-resolution MS/MS analyses of the protein profiles showed that in the fillets from starved fish, only the amount of myosin light chains (MLCs) was markedly reduced at slaughter, suggesting their higher susceptibility to proteolysis. In the full feeding samples, MLCs degradation was evident only during storage at 4 °C. Conversely, skeletal alpha-actin fragmentation was similar regardless of the pre-slaughter feeding system. In vitro gastric digestibility of the myosin complex from starved fish fillets was much higher at pH 4, a condition that may occur in drugtreated patients affected by the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Using UHPLC–MS/MS, ACE-inhibitor gastricresistant bioactive peptides potentially coming from MLCs (VF, MF) were found in all the digested samples, with one of these peptides (MF) being present in larger amount in the starved samples. Pre-slaughter starvation, other than decreases the environmental impact of fish aquaculture, is an effective tool in obtaining good-quality sea bream fillets that provide potential health benefits for hypertensive and GERD consumers. Keywords Fish · Protein changes · Bioactive peptides · Fillet digestibility · Mass spectrometry · Proteomics Abbreviations 1D Mono-dimensional ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme ANG Angiotensin ATP Adenosine triphosphate DTT Dithiothreitol
EFSA European food safety authority EU European union GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease. HRP Horseradish peroxidase IC50 Half maximal inhibitory concentration
* Barbara Prandi [email protected]
Stefano Sforza [email protected]
Giovanna Lippe [email protected]
Mara Lucia Stecchini [email protected]
Tiziana Bongiorno [email protected]
1
Francesca Mancuso [email protected]
Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
2
Emilio Tibaldi [email protected]
Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area d
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