The Effects of Surfactant Changing on Physical Properties of Fe 3 O 4 Nanoparticles Produced in Coprecipitation Method
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NORGANIC MATERIALS AND NANOMATERIALS
The Effects of Surfactant Changing on Physical Properties of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Produced in Coprecipitation Method H. R. Dehghanpour* Physics Department, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Markazi, 3951879611 Iran *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 14, 2020; revised February 18, 2020; accepted March 11, 2020
Abstract—Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles have been synthesized successfully in chemical co-precipitation method and coated with oleic and citric acids, separately. The crystalline sizes are determined by the DebyeScherer equation with X-ray powder diffraction data. As a result, the mean crystalline size and lattice constant of Fe3O4 nanoparticles respectively increases from ~11 to ~13.8 nm and ~8.352 to ~8.3696 Å when the oleic acid surfactant is replaced by citric acid. The superparamagnetic behavior of the nanoparticles has been documented by the hysteresis loop measured at 300 K. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles show the magnetic saturation values of ~8.136 and ~17.7 emu g–1 for oleic and citric acid coated, respectively. IR spectroscopy has revealed that oleic acid is chemisorbed via a carboxyl group onto the surface of the iron oxide nanoparticle and is coordinated symmetrically to the oxide atoms. Furthermore, there is a ligand exchange between –OH groups and –COO groups on the Fe3O4 nanoparticle surfaces. Keywords: Fe3O4 nanoparticles, coprecipitation, superparamagnetic, oleic acid, citric acid DOI: 10.1134/S0036023620080033
INTRODUCTION Because of their surface and quantum size effect, the materials in nanosize have distinguish physical and chemical properties. The synthesis and characterization of the magnetic nanoparticles are attractive for researchers; the reason is their capability in various applications, especially, iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have remarkable attractions, due to their amazing magnetic properties, high electrical resistivity and considerable chemical stability [1, 2]. Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 can be used as materials for drug delivery systems (DDS) [3], magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), photocatalyst [4], and cancer therapy [5–7]. Among the methods for producing the magnetic nanoparticles, coprecipitation [8], sol-gel method [9], hydrothermal process [10], combustion [11, 12], and the solvothermal method [13] are well known. The synthesis method effects on the shape [14] and the structure [15]. Recently, the generation of the core-shell structure of Fe3O4/SiO2 reported [16]. The coprecipitation is the simple, efficient, and economic method commonly, to stabilize the magnetite nanoparticles, oleic acid (OA) is utilized as a surfactant. Forming a strong chemical bond between the oleic acid and the magnetite nanoparticles can be occurred via its carboxyl group [17].
EXPERIMENTAL Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) were synthesized using chemical coprecipitation method. For the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles, ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3 ⋅ 6H2O), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2 ⋅ 4H2O), aqueous NH3, ethanol, oleic acid, citric acid
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